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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary targets of Panaxatriol are multiple and not fully defined, reflecting its diverse biological activities. It exerts anti-proliferative effects by inhibiting the proliferation of DU15 prostate cancer cells. Its cardioprotective effects are linked to its antioxidant and anti-arrhythmic properties. It exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by modulating inflammatory pathways. As an aglycone of ginsenosides, it is thought to interact with various cellular receptors and signaling pathways, including those involved in cell survival, metabolism, and inflammation.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Panaxatriol has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of DU15 prostate cancer cells. It demonstrates anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective activities. It has anti-arrhythmic effects and exhibits anti-proliferative, cardioprotective, and antidiabetic properties. Its activity is concentration-dependent, with effects observed at micromolar concentrations. It is a valuable tool for studying the bioactivity of ginsenosides and their aglycones.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Panaxatriol has demonstrated significant antiradiation effects, specifically the ability to relieve myelosuppression induced by radiation injury. This suggests a potential role in protecting bone marrow from the damaging effects of radiation. Its anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective activities have also been observed in animal models. It has shown beneficial effects in models of diabetes. These in vivo effects support its traditional use and its potential as a therapeutic agent for various conditions.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Cell-free assays for Panaxatriol are not typical, as it is a natural product with a broad range of activities. However, its antioxidant activity can be assessed using cell-free assays such as DPPH or ABTS radical scavenging assays. A typical protocol involves incubating the compound with the radical-generating system and measuring the decrease in absorbance. The IC50 value is determined by plotting the percentage of scavenging against the compound concentration. This provides a measure of its intrinsic antioxidant capacity.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular experiments, cell lines such as cancer cell lines (e.g., DU15 prostate cancer cells) or other relevant cell types are cultured in appropriate media. Cells are treated with Panaxatriol at various concentrations (typically 1-100 uM) for 24-72 hours. Cell viability and proliferation are measured using MTT or CCK-8 assays. Apoptosis can be assessed by flow cytometry. Inflammatory responses are assessed in macrophages by measuring cytokine production. These experiments define its potency and efficacy in various cellular contexts.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with Panaxatriol are typically conducted in rodent models of disease. For studying its antiradiation effects, mice are exposed to a sublethal dose of radiation and then treated with Panaxatriol via oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection at various doses (e.g., 10-100 mg/kg). Myelosuppression is assessed by measuring blood cell counts and bone marrow cellularity. For anti-inflammatory studies, models such as carrageenan-induced paw edema are used. The compound's effects on inflammation are assessed by measuring paw swelling and inflammatory markers.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Panaxatriol has a molecular weight of 476.7 g/mol and a molecular formula of C30H52O4. It is a lipophilic triterpenoid saponin. As an aglycone, it is more lipophilic than its glycosylated counterparts, which may influence its absorption and bioavailability. It is soluble in organic solvents such as DMSO and ethanol. It is typically stored as a powder at -20degC, protected from light and moisture. Its pharmacokinetic properties, including oral bioavailability and half-life, are influenced by its lipophilic nature.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of Panaxatriol is generally considered favorable, as it is derived from a commonly consumed herbal medicine. At pharmacological doses, it is well-tolerated. However, high doses may cause gastrointestinal discomfort or other mild adverse effects. Its safety is supported by the long history of use of ginseng. However, as with any bioactive compound, its potential for drug interactions and toxicity at high doses should be considered. It is for research use only and not for human therapeutic use.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Panaxatriol are triterpenoid saponins. It has been reported that ginseng contains Panaxatriol, and relevant data is available for reference.
Panaxatriol is a dammarane-type triterpenoid sapogenin and an aglycone of protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides found in Panax ginseng. It exhibits a wide range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, cardioprotective, and antidiabetic properties. It has been investigated for its antiradiation effects, particularly its ability to relieve myelosuppression. It is a valuable research tool for studying the bioactivity of ginsenosides. |
| Molecular Formula |
C30H52O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
476.73148
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| Exact Mass |
476.386
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| CAS # |
32791-84-7
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| PubChem CID |
73599
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.1±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
561.5±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
293.4±30.1 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±3.5 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.527
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| LogP |
5.94
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
34
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| Complexity |
823
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
11
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| InChi Key |
QFJUYMMIBFBOJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C30H52O4/c1-25(2)12-9-13-30(8,34-25)18-10-15-28(6)23(18)19(31)16-21-27(5)14-11-22(33)26(3,4)24(27)20(32)17-29(21,28)7/h18-24,31-33H,9-17H2,1-8H3
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| Chemical Name |
4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-(2,6,6-trimethyloxan-2-yl)-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,6,12-triol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~25 mg/mL (~52.44 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.24 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.0976 mL | 10.4881 mL | 20.9762 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4195 mL | 2.0976 mL | 4.1952 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2098 mL | 1.0488 mL | 2.0976 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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