| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Palmitoylglutaminic acid does not have a single defined biological target. It is an acyl amino acid surfactant with various biological activities. The compound can block aortic contraction, suggesting effects on vascular smooth muscle function. It can antagonize haloperidol-induced oral dyskinesia, indicating potential neuroprotective and antidyskinetic effects. Palmitoylglutaminic acid has neuro-protective effects, making it a potential candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and neurological disorders. The compound's mechanism of action may involve modulation of neurotransmitter systems, calcium signaling, or inflammatory pathways. As an acyl amino acid, Palmitoylglutaminic acid may also interact with lipid membranes and modulate membrane fluidity and function. The compound is used as a cosmetic raw material, where its surfactant properties contribute to skin and hair care formulations.
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| ln Vitro |
Palmitoylglutaminic acid has been shown to block aortic contraction in vitro, suggesting effects on vascular smooth muscle function. The compound can antagonize haloperidol-induced oral dyskinesia, indicating potential neuroprotective and antidyskinetic effects. Palmitoylglutaminic acid has neuro-protective effects, making it a potential candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and neurological disorders. The compound's biological activities have been characterized in various in vitro assays. Palmitoylglutaminic acid is also used as a cosmetic raw material, where its surfactant properties contribute to skin and hair care formulations. The compound is used as an analytical standard for research and analytical applications.
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| ln Vivo |
Palmitoylglutaminic acid has been studied in vivo for its effects on neuroprotection and dyskinesia. The compound can antagonize haloperidol-induced oral dyskinesia in animal models, indicating potential neuroprotective and antidyskinetic effects. Palmitoylglutaminic acid may also have effects on vascular function, as suggested by its ability to block aortic contraction. The compound's neuroprotective effects make it a potential candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and neurological disorders. Detailed in vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data are limited in publicly available sources. Palmitoylglutaminic acid is primarily used as a research tool and cosmetic ingredient.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Palmitoylglutaminic acid does not have established receptor binding or enzyme inhibition assay protocols. Its biological activity is assessed by measuring its effects on vascular contraction, haloperidol-induced dyskinesia, and neuroprotection. Vascular contraction assays are performed using isolated aortic rings. Dyskinesia is assessed in animal models by measuring oral movements. Neuroprotection is assessed by measuring neuronal survival and function in cell-based or animal models. Physical properties: molecular weight 385.54 g/mol; molecular formula C21H39NO5; IUPAC name: (2S)-2-(hexadecanoylamino)pentanedioic acid; appearance: typically solid at room temperature; solubility: soluble in organic solvents.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular activity of Palmitoylglutaminic acid is evaluated in various cell types, including neuronal cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. Cells are cultured in appropriate media at 37°C with 5% CO₂ and treated with Palmitoylglutaminic acid at concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 μM for 24-72 hours. Neuroprotection is assessed by measuring cell viability in response to various stressors (e.g., oxidative stress, excitotoxicity) using MTT or LDH assays. Neurite outgrowth is assessed by microscopy. Vascular smooth muscle cell contraction is assessed by measuring cell shortening or changes in cell morphology. Each experiment includes vehicle controls and appropriate positive controls to validate the assay systems.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo efficacy of Palmitoylglutaminic acid is evaluated in animal models of dyskinesia and neurodegenerative diseases. The compound is administered orally or intraperitoneally at doses determined by preclinical studies. In models of haloperidol-induced oral dyskinesia, the compound's ability to reduce oral movements is assessed. In models of neurodegenerative diseases, the compound's effects on motor function, cognitive function, and neuronal survival are assessed. Tissue samples are collected for histopathological analysis and biochemical assays. Sample sizes typically range from 6-10 animals per group.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Molecular Weight: 385.54. Formula: C21H39NO5. CAS No.: 38079-66-2. IUPAC Name: (2S)-2-(hexadecanoylamino)pentanedioic acid. Synonyms: Palmitoylglutaminic acid; N-Palmitoyl-L-glutamic acid; Palmitoyl glutamic acid; Acide Palmitoylglutaminique; (2S)-2-Palmitamidoglutaric Acid. Appearance: Typically solid at room temperature. Purity: Typically >98%. Solubility: Soluble in DMSO and organic solvents. Storage: Typically at -20°C. Palmitoylglutaminic acid is an acyl amino acid with neuroprotective and cosmetic applications.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No comprehensive toxicology data are publicly available for Palmitoylglutaminic acid. The compound is intended for research use only and has not undergone full preclinical toxicology evaluation required for clinical development. As an acyl amino acid, it is generally considered safe for cosmetic and research applications. Standard toxicity studies would include acute toxicity assessment in rodents, repeated dose toxicity studies (14-day and 28-day), and genotoxicity screening (Ames test, micronucleus assay). The compound is for research use only and not for human therapeutic use.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
N-palmitoylglutamic acid is a derivative of glutamic acid.
Palmitoylglutaminic acid is also known as N-Palmitoyl-L-glutamic acid, Palmitoyl glutamic acid, Acide Palmitoylglutaminique, and (2S)-2-Palmitamidoglutaric Acid. Its IUPAC name is (2S)-2-(hexadecanoylamino)pentanedioic acid. Palmitoylglutaminic acid is an acyl amino acid characterized by a C16 saturated fatty acid amide-linked to L-glutamic acid. The compound can block aortic contraction and antagonize haloperidol-induced oral dyskinesia. It has neuro-protective effects and is used as a cosmetic raw material. Palmitoylglutaminic acid is also used as an analytical standard. No clinical trials have been reported for this compound. Palmitoylglutaminic acid is for research use only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C21H39NO5
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| Molecular Weight |
385.54
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| Exact Mass |
385.283
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| CAS # |
38079-66-2
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| PubChem CID |
161955
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| LogP |
5.742
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
19
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| Heavy Atom Count |
27
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| Complexity |
411
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
O=C(NC(C(O)=O)CCC(O)=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
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| InChi Key |
KMAOMYOPEIRFLB-SFHVURJKSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C21H39NO5/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-19(23)22-18(21(26)27)16-17-20(24)25/h18H,2-17H2,1H3,(H,22,23)(H,24,25)(H,26,27)/t18-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-(hexadecanoylamino)pentanedioic acid
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| Synonyms |
N-Palmitoyl glutamic acid; Palmitoylglutaminic acid; L-Glutamic acid, N-(1-oxohexadecyl)-
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~125 mg/mL (~324.22 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 2.08 mg/mL (5.40 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with sonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.40 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.5938 mL | 12.9688 mL | 25.9376 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5188 mL | 2.5938 mL | 5.1875 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2594 mL | 1.2969 mL | 2.5938 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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