| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Oxipurinol targets xanthine oxidase (XO), the enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid. As an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, oxipurinol reduces the production of uric acid, thereby lowering serum urate levels. This mechanism is the basis for the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia. Oxipurinol is a competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, binding to the enzyme's active site.
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| ln Vitro |
Oxypurinol is the active metabolite of allopurinol, which is produced at a rapid rate (half-life of about 1 hour). Two xanthine oxidoreductase enzymes are present in oxypurinol, which has a relatively long elimination half-life (about 23 hours) [1].
In vitro, oxipurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. The compound's IC₅₀ for xanthine oxidase inhibition has been characterized in enzyme assays using xanthine as substrate. Oxipurinol shows selectivity for xanthine oxidase over other enzymes, contributing to its targeted mechanism of action. The compound's activity can be assessed spectrophotometrically by measuring the production of uric acid from xanthine. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, oxipurinol reduces serum uric acid levels by inhibiting xanthine oxidase. The compound is the primary active metabolite of allopurinol and contributes to the urate-lowering effects of allopurinol therapy. Oxipurinol has a longer half-life than allopurinol, providing sustained inhibition of xanthine oxidase. The compound is used for the management of gout, hyperuricemia, and conditions associated with elevated uric acid levels.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cellular enzyme assays for oxipurinol involve assessing its inhibition of xanthine oxidase using purified bovine milk xanthine oxidase enzyme. The enzyme is incubated with xanthine as substrate in the presence of varying concentrations of oxipurinol. The production of uric acid is measured spectrophotometrically at 290 nm. IC₅₀ values for xanthine oxidase inhibition are determined from dose-response curves. The compound's binding affinity can be assessed using surface plasmon resonance.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for oxipurinol are limited as the compound acts on a secreted enzyme rather than intracellular targets. Its effects on uric acid production can be assessed in hepatocyte cultures or other cells expressing xanthine oxidase. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of oxipurinol, and uric acid levels in the culture medium are measured by HPLC or enzymatic assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with oxipurinol are conducted in rodent models of hyperuricemia. Rats or mice are treated with oxipurinol via oral or intraperitoneal administration, and serum uric acid levels are measured at multiple time points. The compound's effects on xanthine oxidase activity in tissues are assessed. Pharmacokinetic studies characterize absorption, distribution, and elimination.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Biological Half-Life
23.3 +/- 6.0 hours Oxipurinol has a molecular weight of 152.11 and a molecular formula of C₅H₄N₄O₂. It is a solid at room temperature with a purity of ≥98%. The compound is typically stored at room temperature in a dry place. It is soluble in DMSO and other organic solvents, but poorly soluble in water. The compound is stable under recommended storage conditions. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Oxipurinol is generally well-tolerated at therapeutic doses. Common side effects include gastrointestinal disturbances, rash, and hypersensitivity reactions. The compound should be used with caution in patients with renal impairment, as its elimination is primarily renal. Standard safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Alloxanthine is a pyrazolopyrimidine compound with the structure 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine, substituted with oxy groups at positions 4 and 6. It is an EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor and also a drug metabolite. Oxopurinol is a metabolite of Alloxanthine and is also a xanthine oxidase inhibitor. Oxopurinol has been reported in starfish (Asterias amurensis), red mussels (Mytilus coruscus), and other organisms with relevant data. It is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor. Drug Indications: Used to treat congestive heart failure and hyperuricemia. Mechanism of Action: Oxopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase, blocking the conversion of oxopurine. Hypoxanthine and xanthine can be converted to uric acid. Increased oxopurine concentrations, through negative feedback inhibition of xanthine oxidase, reduce uric acid concentrations in blood and urine. Oxopurinol can also promote the incorporation of hypoxanthine and xanthine into DNA and RNA, further reducing serum uric acid concentrations.
Oxipurinol (CAS 2465-59-0) is the primary active metabolite of allopurinol and a xanthine oxidase inhibitor. It reduces serum uric acid levels by inhibiting xanthine oxidase, the enzyme responsible for uric acid production. Oxipurinol is used for the management of gout and hyperuricemia. The compound is available from various commercial suppliers for research and pharmaceutical applications. |
| Molecular Formula |
C5H4N4O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
152.113
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| Exact Mass |
152.033
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 39.48; H, 2.65; N, 36.83; O, 21.04
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| CAS # |
2465-59-0
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| PubChem CID |
135398752
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| Appearance |
White to yellow solid powder
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| Density |
2.19g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
662.9ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
300 °C
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| Flash Point |
354.7ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
3.5E-18mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.989
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| LogP |
-0.9
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
11
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| Complexity |
217
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O=C1NC(=O)C=2C(=N1)NNC2
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| InChi Key |
HXNFUBHNUDHIGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H4N4O2/c10-4-2-1-6-9-3(2)7-5(11)8-4/h1H,(H3,6,7,8,9,10,11)
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| Chemical Name |
1,7-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4,6-dione
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| Synonyms |
NSC 76239; NSC76239; NSC-76239
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO :< 1 mg/mL
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (8.22 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 12.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (8.22 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 12.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (8.22 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.5742 mL | 32.8709 mL | 65.7419 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.3148 mL | 6.5742 mL | 13.1484 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6574 mL | 3.2871 mL | 6.5742 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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