| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g | |||
| Other Sizes |
Purity: ≥98%
| ln Vitro |
Nimorazole,a nitroimidazole anti-infective, is a hypoxic radiosensitizer potentially useful in the treatment of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Nimorazole significantly improves the effect of radiotherapeutic management of supraglottic and pharynx tumors and can be given without major side-effects. Nimorazole is the only such chemical reagent that has shown a significant effect in a randomized controlled trial in head and neck cancer.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo (clinical) activity: 61 patients with stage III/IV head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with CHART (56.75 Gy in 36 fractions over 12 days) plus nimorazole. Two‑year loco‑regional control was 55% overall (stage III 62%, stage IV 50%). Local control for T3 primary lesions was 77% and for T4 39%. Regional lymph node control at 2 years in node‑positive patients was 59%. Compared to historical CHART alone, results were higher (e.g., MRC trial CHART alone gave 40% for T3 and 31% for T4). [1]
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| Animal Protocol |
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetics: In a previous phase I dose‑escalation study (reference 1), the regimen of 1.2 g/m² (morning), 0.9 g/m² (midday), and 0.6 g/m² (evening) was shown to give plasma nimorazole concentrations consistently at or above 30 μg/mL at the time of irradiation. In five randomly selected patients from this study, mean plasma concentration was 47.9 μg/mL (range 34.9‑61.9 μg/mL) measured immediately before irradiation. [1]
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity: Nearly all patients experienced some nausea. Grade 3 nausea occurred in 13 patients (22%) and grade 3 vomiting in 3 (5%). Vomiting was well controlled with cyclizine or metoclopramide. Two patients developed mild transient peripheral sensory neuropathy. One patient (aged 73, heavy drinker) developed encephalopathy during treatment – transient loss of consciousness, shaking episodes, confusion, slurred speech, unsteadiness; MRI showed atrophy, CSF normal, EEG slow normal; he died 10 days after stopping treatment. Autopsy revealed brain changes (chromatolysis, microvacuolation of white matter, reactive astrocytosis) consistent with nimorazole CNS toxicity interfering with mitochondrial function leading to cellular energy deprivation. No cirrhosis or alcohol‑related brain disease was found. This was considered an idiosyncratic reaction. Compliance was 95%. [1]
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| References |
Radiother Oncol.2003 Jan;66(1):65-70.
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| Additional Infomation |
Nimorazole belongs to the imidazole class of compounds and is a C-nitro compound. Nimorazole has been used in therapeutic trials for various diseases, including hypoxia, radiotherapy, hypoxia modification, genomic profiling, gene characterization, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Nimorazole is a water-soluble 5-nitroimidazole compound with antibacterial and potential radiosensitizing activities. As an oxygen mimic, Nimorazole can induce the generation of free radicals and make hypoxic cells more sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation. This inhibits DNA repair, thereby exacerbating DNA strand damage and ultimately leading to tumor cell death. Nimorazole's activity is lower than that of 2-nitroimidazole compounds misotronidazole and ethamidazole, but it is also less toxic. Nimorazole is an antitrichomonal drug, effective both topically and orally; its urinary metabolites also have trichomonadic activity.
Nimorazole is a 5‑nitroimidazole compound, distinct from 2‑nitroimidazoles (misonidazole, etanidazole). It is very soluble, rapidly absorbed orally, diffuses readily into poorly vascularized tumours, and is not lipophilic, thus lacks cumulative neurotoxicity, allowing it to be given with each fraction. Its action is independent of fraction size and has a less steep dose‑response relationship compared to other sensitizers. In this study, nimorazole was given orally or enterally (tablets crushed via feeding tube) 90 min before radiotherapy. Doses were rounded to nearest 250 mg. The drug was supplied as 500 mg scored tablets. The regimen achieved plasma levels above 30 μg/mL consistently. No increase in late radiation effects was observed except possibly a slight increase in acute skin reaction (dry desquamation 47%, moist desquamation 15%). Mucositis severity and duration were similar to previous CHART studies. The combination showed promising local control rates compared to historical CHART alone. [1] |
| Molecular Formula |
C9H14N4O3
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| Molecular Weight |
226.23
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| Exact Mass |
226.106
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 47.78; H, 6.24; N, 24.77; O, 21.22
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| CAS # |
6506-37-2
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| Related CAS # |
94107-55-8 (HCl);6506-37-2;
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| PubChem CID |
23009
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| Appearance |
Light yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
443.0±35.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
221.7±25.9 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.1 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.637
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| LogP |
-0.08
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
16
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| Complexity |
239
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N(C([H])([H])C1([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N1C([H])=NC([H])=C1[N+](=O)[O-]
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| InChi Key |
MDJFHRLTPRPZLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H14N4O3/c14-13(15)9-7-10-8-12(9)2-1-11-3-5-16-6-4-11/h7-8H,1-6H2
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| Chemical Name |
4-[2-(5-nitroimidazol-1-yl)ethyl]morpholine
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| Synonyms |
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
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| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : 33.33 ~45 mg/mL ( 147.33 ~198.91 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (9.19 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (9.19 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (9.19 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 10% DMSO+40% PEG300+5% Tween-80+45% Saline: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (9.19 mM) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.4203 mL | 22.1014 mL | 44.2028 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8841 mL | 4.4203 mL | 8.8406 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4420 mL | 2.2101 mL | 4.4203 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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