| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Neuronostatin-13 targets the pancreatic alpha-cell and the cardiovascular system. Its receptor has not been definitively identified, but it is known to modulate glucagon secretion and myocardial contractile function. The peptide acts through signaling pathways involving protein kinase A (PKA) and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) regulation.
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| ln Vitro |
The somatostatin gene encodes neuronostatin-13, a 13-amino acid peptide hormone that is crucial for controlling cardiac and hormonal processes. In comparison to islets treated with control medium alone, treatment with Neuronostatin-13 human (1,000 nM) improves low-glucose-induced glucagon release. When compared to control cells treated with vehicle, the accumulation of glucagon mRNA is significantly increased after a one-hour treatment with Neuronostatin-13 human. When αTC1-9 α-cells are treated with 100 nM Neuronostatin-13 human, phosphorylated PKA levels rise between 30 and 40 minutes[1].
In vitro, Neuronostatin-13 human (1,000 nM) enhances low-glucose-induced glucagon release from pancreatic islets compared to control medium. Treatment with 100 nM Neuronostatin-13 human significantly increases glucagon mRNA accumulation after 1 hour in alphaTC1-9 alpha-cells and elevates phosphorylated PKA levels between 30 and 40 minutes. |
| ln Vivo |
In the rat model, infusion of Neuronostatin-13 human postpones the clearance of glucose, resulting in notably elevated blood glucose levels in animals treated with Neuronostatin-13 human at 1 and 10 minutes after intra-arterial injection of a glucose bolus[1]. Heart rate significantly decreases after 3, 6, and 12 hours with Neuronostatin-13 human challenge, according to chocardiographic assessment. Additionally, between 6 and 12 hours after a Neuronostatin-13 human challenge, Neuronostatin-13 human treatment significantly reduces left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD) and fractional shortening without affecting left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD). The effect reaches its baseline 18 hours later[2].
In vivo, infusion of Neuronostatin-13 human in rat models delays glucose clearance, resulting in significantly elevated blood glucose levels at 1 and 10 minutes after intra-arterial glucose bolus injection. Echocardiographic assessment shows that heart rate significantly decreases at 3, 6, and 12 hours post-challenge, and left ventricular end-systolic diameter and fractional shortening are reduced between 6 and 12 hours. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Receptor binding studies for Neuronostatin-13 human are performed by incubating radiolabeled or fluorescently labeled peptide with membrane preparations from target tissues (e.g., pancreatic or cardiac cells). Binding affinity (Kd) and competition curves are generated using varying concentrations of unlabeled peptide. Data are analyzed using nonlinear regression to determine binding parameters.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for Neuronostatin-13 human utilize alphaTC1-9 alpha-cells or isolated pancreatic islets cultured in appropriate media. Cells are treated with peptide concentrations ranging from 1-1,000 nM for 1-60 minutes. Glucagon secretion is measured by ELISA, PKA phosphorylation is assessed by Western blot, and glucagon mRNA levels are quantified by RT-qPCR.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo experiments with Neuronostatin-13 human are conducted in rodent models. For glucose metabolism studies, peptide is infused via intra-arterial or intravenous routes prior to glucose bolus administration. Blood glucose is measured at serial time points. For cardiac function studies, echocardiography is performed at baseline and at multiple time points (3, 6, 12, 18 hours) after peptide challenge.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for Neuronostatin-13 human are limited due to its peptide nature. As a peptide hormone, it is expected to have a short half-life in circulation due to rapid enzymatic degradation by proteases. Systemic bioavailability after peripheral administration is typically low, and clearance occurs primarily via renal and hepatic routes. Peptide stability in formulation is an important consideration.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological information for Neuronostatin-13 human is not extensively characterized. As a naturally occurring peptide hormone, it is generally considered to have a favorable safety profile when used at physiological concentrations in research settings. No significant acute toxicity has been reported in animal studies at the doses used for pharmacological investigations.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Neuronostatin-13 human is a research-use peptide not approved for clinical therapeutic applications. It is widely used in studies investigating pancreatic alpha-cell biology, glucose homeostasis, cardiac contractility, and neuroendocrine signaling. The peptide serves as a valuable tool for understanding the physiological roles of the somatostatin gene-derived peptides and their potential implications in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
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| Molecular Formula |
C64H110N20O16
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
1415.68261384964
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| Exact Mass |
1414.84
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| CAS # |
1096485-24-3
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| PubChem CID |
138106610
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
3.376
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
20
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
19
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
48
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| Heavy Atom Count |
100
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| Complexity |
2780
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
13
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| SMILES |
O=C([C@H](CC(C)C)NC([C@@H](CC1C=CC=CC=1)NC([C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC([C@H](CCC/N=C(\N)/N)NC([C@H](CC(C)C)N)=O)=O)=O)=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CO)C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N)=O)C)=O)C)=O)C)=O)C)=O)CC(C)C)=O)=O)CCCCN)=O)CCC(N)=O
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| InChi Key |
FOBROQPAHZFJIA-QACLBKBCSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C64H110N20O16/c1-32(2)27-40(66)55(92)77-42(20-16-26-72-64(70)71)56(93)79-44(22-24-50(68)87)59(96)83-47(30-39-17-12-11-13-18-39)62(99)81-46(29-34(5)6)61(98)80-43(21-23-49(67)86)58(95)78-41(19-14-15-25-65)57(94)84-48(31-85)63(100)82-45(28-33(3)4)60(97)76-38(10)54(91)75-37(9)53(90)74-36(8)52(89)73-35(7)51(69)88/h11-13,17-18,32-38,40-48,85H,14-16,19-31,65-66H2,1-10H3,(H2,67,86)(H2,68,87)(H2,69,88)(H,73,89)(H,74,90)(H,75,91)(H,76,97)(H,77,92)(H,78,95)(H,79,93)(H,80,98)(H,81,99)(H,82,100)(H,83,96)(H,84,94)(H4,70,71,72)/t35-,36-,37-,38-,40-,41-,42-,43-,44-,45-,46-,47+,48-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-N-[(2R)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]pentanediamide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~25 mg/mL (~17.66 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 100 mg/mL (70.64 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.7064 mL | 3.5319 mL | 7.0637 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1413 mL | 0.7064 mL | 1.4127 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0706 mL | 0.3532 mL | 0.7064 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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