| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| 2g | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Nafcillin sodium monohydrate targets penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which are transpeptidases essential for the final stages of bacterial cell wall synthesis. By binding to and inhibiting these PBPs, it prevents the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains, a critical component of the bacterial cell wall. This weakens the cell wall, leading to osmotic instability and ultimately bacterial cell lysis and death. Its resistance to beta-lactamases makes it effective against penicillinase-producing staphylococci. Its narrow-spectrum activity is primarily directed against Gram-positive bacteria, particularly staphylococci.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Nafcillin sodium monohydrate exhibits potent antibacterial activity against penicillinase-producing staphylococci. Its activity is typically assessed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against various bacterial strains using standard microbiological methods such as broth microdilution or agar diffusion. Its resistance to beta-lactamases makes it effective against many beta-lactamase-producing bacteria. Its activity is concentration-dependent, with higher concentrations leading to more rapid bacterial killing. Time-kill assays are used to evaluate its bactericidal activity over time.
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| ln Vivo |
Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are both susceptible to the bactericidal action of napcillin sodium monohydrate (100 mg/kg; sc); S. Mice were exposed to aureus strains Xen-29 and Xen-1 at concentrations of 0.5 μg/mL and 64.0 μg/mL, respectively [3].
In vivo, Nafcillin sodium monohydrate is used to treat infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, particularly species of staphylococci that are resistant to other penicillins. It is administered intravenously or intramuscularly and is well-distributed in tissues and body fluids. Its clinical use is limited by the development of bacterial resistance and potential side effects. The compound's efficacy in treating staphylococcal infections has been established through clinical use. It has a maximum clinical trial phase of IV. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro non-cell enzyme assays for Nafcillin sodium monohydrate are not standard, as it is an antibiotic that targets a cellular process (cell wall synthesis). Its mechanism is studied by measuring its binding affinity to PBPs in membrane preparations. The compound's stability against β-lactamases can be assessed by incubating it with β-lactamase enzymes and measuring its degradation.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for Nafcillin sodium monohydrate use standard microbiological methods, such as broth microdilution and agar diffusion, to determine the MIC against various bacterial strains. Time-kill assays are used to evaluate its bactericidal activity over time. Its activity against penicillinase-producing staphylococci is of particular interest. Cytotoxicity assays using mammalian cell lines are performed to assess its selectivity.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: CD-1 female mice (20-25 grams), infected with MRSA and MSSA [3]
Doses: 100 mg/kg Route of Administration: subcutaneous injection Experimental Results: 100% protection of healthy mice infected with MSSA. In vivo animal studies for Nafcillin sodium monohydrate employ models of bacterial infection, such as murine sepsis or pneumonia models. The compound is administered, and its efficacy is measured by the reduction in bacterial load, survival rates, or clinical signs of infection. Pharmacokinetic studies are also performed to characterize its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Nafcillin sodium monohydrate has a molecular weight of 454.47 g/mol and a molecular formula of C₂₁H₂₂N₂NaO₅S (anhydrous). It is also known as Nafcillin Sodium Salt Monohydrate. The compound should be stored at +4°C. As a beta-lactam antibiotic, it is susceptible to degradation by β-lactamases and should be handled appropriately. Its pharmacokinetic profile supports intravenous or intramuscular administration.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Nafcillin sodium monohydrate is generally well-tolerated, but side effects can include gastrointestinal disturbances, hypersensitivity reactions, and effects on blood coagulation. It is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to penicillins. Its use can lead to the development of antibiotic resistance. The compound is not intended for human therapeutic use without a prescription.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Nafcillin sodium monohydrate is an organosodium salt and hydrate. It contains nafcillin sodium. A semi-synthetic antibiotic associated with penicillin. See also: Nafcillin sodium (note moved to).
Nafcillin sodium monohydrate is a semi-synthetic, beta-lactam antibiotic of the penicillin class, developed primarily for its resistance to beta-lactamases. It is used to treat infections caused by penicillinase-producing staphylococci. It was first approved in 1965. It is an approved therapeutic agent in many countries. |
| Molecular Formula |
C21H23N2NAO6S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
454.4719
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| Exact Mass |
454.117
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| CAS # |
7177-50-6
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| Related CAS # |
Nafcillin;147-52-4;Nafcillin sodium;985-16-0
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| PubChem CID |
23704143
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.42 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
714.1ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
385.7ºC
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| LogP |
1.413
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
31
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| Complexity |
705
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
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| SMILES |
CCOC1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2C=C1)C(=O)N[C@H]3[C@@H]4N(C3=O)[C@H](C(S4)(C)C)C(=O)[O-].O.[Na+]
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| InChi Key |
OCXSDHJRMYFTMA-KMFBOIRUSA-M
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C21H22N2O5S.Na.H2O/c1-4-28-13-10-9-11-7-5-6-8-12(11)14(13)17(24)22-15-18(25)23-16(20(26)27)21(2,3)29-19(15)23;;/h5-10,15-16,19H,4H2,1-3H3,(H,22,24)(H,26,27);;1H2/q;+1;/p-1/t15-,16+,19-;;/m1../s1
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| Chemical Name |
sodium;(2S,5R,6R)-6-[(2-ethoxynaphthalene-1-carbonyl)amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate;hydrate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~220.04 mM)
H2O : ~83.33 mg/mL (~183.36 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.50 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.50 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.50 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 100 mg/mL (220.04 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.2004 mL | 11.0018 mL | 22.0037 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4401 mL | 2.2004 mL | 4.4007 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2200 mL | 1.1002 mL | 2.2004 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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