| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
NAAD sodium salt targets nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthetase (NADS), the enzyme that catalyzes the amidation of nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NAAD) to yield the enzyme cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). NAD+ is a critical coenzyme involved in numerous redox reactions and cellular processes, including energy metabolism, DNA repair, and signaling pathways. As a substrate for NADS, NAAD sodium salt is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of NAD+ from tryptophan and nicotinic acid. It is also used to study the structure and function of nicotinate mononucleotide adenylyltransferases, enzymes involved in the NAD+ biosynthetic pathway.
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| ln Vitro |
It is anticipated that sodium NAAD will only be generated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) during the production of NAD+ from tryptophan and NA2, increasing from less than 20 nM to as high as 0.91 μM [1]. The amidation of nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NAAD) to produce the enzyme cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is catalyzed by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthase (NADS) [2].
In vitro, NAAD sodium salt is used as a substrate in enzyme assays to study NADS activity. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), NAAD sodium is produced during the biosynthesis of NAD+ from tryptophan and NA2, with levels increasing from less than 20 nM to as high as 0.91 μM. It is anticipated that sodium NAAD will only be generated in PBMC during the production of NAD+ from tryptophan and NA2. The amidation of NAAD to produce NAD+ is catalyzed by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthase (NADS). NAAD sodium salt is also used to study the specificity and kinetics of NADS as a substrate. |
| ln Vivo |
When mice were given niacin (NA) orally, their liver NA reached its peak in 15 minutes (340 pmol/mg). Hepatic NAD+ increases from a baseline of 990 to 2200 at two hours after gavage, after the appearance of hepatic NA, and the anticipated peak of 220 NAAD sodium arrives one hour later [1]. It has been observed that when mice are given intraperitoneally (IP) injections of 500 mg/kg radioactive nicotinamide (Nam), sodium NAAD accumulates in their livers. In contrast, NAAD sodium was found in the kidney, ovary, lung, heart, and brain of mice given an intraperitoneal injection of 500 mg/kg NA in addition to the liver [1]. NAAD sodium was not found in Nam.
In vivo, when mice are given nicotinic acid (NA) by oral gavage, liver NA peaks (340 pmol/mg) in 15 minutes, followed by an expected peak of NAAD sodium at 1 hour post-gavage and a rise in hepatic NAD+ from a baseline of 990 to 2200 at 2 hours. NAAD sodium is observed in kidneys, ovaries, lung, heart, and brain in addition to liver in mice injected intraperitoneally with 500 mg/kg of NA. However, NAAD sodium is not observed in mice injected with nicotinamide (Nam). This demonstrates that NAAD is a specific intermediate in the NA-dependent NAD+ biosynthesis pathway. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for NAAD sodium salt typically involve measuring the activity of NAD+ synthetase (NADS). The enzyme is incubated with NAAD sodium salt and glutamine or ammonia, and the formation of NAD+ is measured using spectrophotometric, fluorometric, or chromatographic methods. The compound's specificity and kinetics as a substrate can be determined by varying substrate concentrations and measuring reaction rates. The structure of nicotinate mononucleotide adenylyltransferases can be studied using NAAD sodium salt as a ligand in crystallography or other structural biology techniques.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell-based studies, NAAD sodium salt is not typically used as a direct treatment but rather as a research tool to study NAD+ metabolism. Its levels can be measured in cells (e.g., PBMCs) to assess NAD+ biosynthesis. Cells can be cultured in media supplemented with NAAD precursors, and the levels of NAAD and NAD+ can be quantified by LC-MS/MS or enzymatic cycling assays. NAAD sodium salt can also be used as a supplement in cell culture media for metabolic studies.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo, NAAD sodium salt is a naturally occurring metabolite and is not typically administered as a therapeutic agent. In animal studies, its levels are measured in various tissues after administration of NAD+ precursors like nicotinic acid (NA) or nicotinamide. Mice are given NA by oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection, and tissues are collected at various time points for NAAD and NAD+ quantification by LC-MS/MS.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
NAAD sodium salt (MW 686.39, C₂₁H₂₅N₆NaO₁₅P₂) is a white to off-white solid powder. The compound has a purity of ≥98%. It is soluble in water and DMSO. Storage conditions: -20°C, sealed storage, away from moisture; in solvent: -80°C for 6 months, -20°C for 1 month. Detailed pharmacokinetic parameters are not extensively reported as it is an endogenous metabolite.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
NAAD sodium salt is a normal metabolite and is generally considered to be safe at physiological levels. It is for research use only and is not intended for human therapeutic applications. The compound is not approved for clinical use and has not entered clinical trials.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
NAAD sodium salt is a research compound used to study NAD+ metabolism and the enzymes involved in its biosynthesis. Its primary applications include metabolism research, enzymology, and drug discovery. The compound is not a drug and has no clinical applications. It is commercially available from various chemical suppliers for research purposes only. Its role as a NAD+ precursor makes it a valuable tool for investigating cellular energy metabolism and redox biology.
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| Molecular Formula |
C21H25N6NAO15P2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
686.39
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| Exact Mass |
686.075
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| CAS # |
104809-30-5
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| Related CAS # |
6450-77-7 (free);104809-30-5 (sodium);
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| PubChem CID |
91872645
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
6
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
19
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
11
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| Heavy Atom Count |
45
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| Complexity |
1110
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
8
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| SMILES |
C1=CC(=C[N+](=C1)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)COP(=O)([O-])OP(=O)([O-])OC[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)N4C=NC5=C(N=CN=C54)N)O)O)O)O)C(=O)O.[Na+]
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| InChi Key |
LFHLUTZTSGEADU-RHANTIMGSA-M
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C21H26N6O15P2.Na/c22-17-12-18(24-7-23-17)27(8-25-12)20-16(31)14(29)11(41-20)6-39-44(36,37)42-43(34,35)38-5-10-13(28)15(30)19(40-10)26-3-1-2-9(4-26)21(32)33;/h1-4,7-8,10-11,13-16,19-20,28-31H,5-6H2,(H4-,22,23,24,32,33,34,35,36,37);/q;+1/p-1/t10-,11-,13-,14-,15-,16-,19-,20-;/m1./s1
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| Chemical Name |
sodium;[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-oxidophosphoryl] [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-carboxypyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl phosphate
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| Synonyms |
NAAD Na, NaAD; NAAD Na salt; NAAD sodium salt
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~145.69 mM)
DMSO : ~10 mg/mL (~14.57 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1 mg/mL (1.46 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 10.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL of PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL of Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL of normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 1 mg/mL (1.46 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 10.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 1 mg/mL (1.46 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.4569 mL | 7.2845 mL | 14.5690 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2914 mL | 1.4569 mL | 2.9138 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1457 mL | 0.7284 mL | 1.4569 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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