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N-Methylhydantoin is a bacterial metabolite involved in creatinine degradation. In mammals, N-methylhydantoin is metabolized through 5-hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin. The compound is an unexpected metabolite of dupracetam. It is found in blood, feces, and urine. Its role as a metabolite suggests involvement in nitrogen metabolism and bacterial activity.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, N-Methylhydantoin is used as a metabolite in bacterial degradation studies. It is a small molecular weight polar substance. The compound is found in blood, feces, and urine. Its role as a bacterial metabolite has been characterized. Further in vitro studies are needed to fully characterize its biological activity.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, N-Methylhydantoin is found in blood, feces, and urine. It is a product of creatinine degradation by bacteria. In mammals, it is metabolized through 5-hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin. The compound is an unexpected metabolite of dupracetam. Its levels may reflect bacterial activity and creatinine metabolism.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for N-Methylhydantoin involve measuring its formation from creatinine by bacterial enzymes. Bacterial cultures are incubated with creatinine, and N-methylhydantoin formation is measured by HPLC or LC-MS. For metabolic studies, the compound is used as a substrate to study its conversion to 5-hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin. Assays are performed in appropriate buffer systems with positive controls.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for N-Methylhydantoin are conducted in bacterial cultures. Bacteria are cultured in appropriate media and treated with creatinine. N-Methylhydantoin formation is measured. For mammalian cell studies, cells are treated with the compound and its metabolism is assessed. Cell viability is assessed by standard assays. Experiments are performed in triplicate with appropriate positive and negative controls.
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| Animal Protocol |
N-Methylhydantoin in vivo studies are conducted in animal models for metabolic research. Animals are administered the compound via oral administration or injection. N-Methylhydantoin levels in blood, urine, and feces are measured by HPLC or LC-MS. Its metabolism to 5-hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin is assessed. Animals are monitored for clinical signs. Tissues and blood samples are collected for biochemical analysis at study endpoints. Studies are conducted in accordance with institutional animal care guidelines.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
N-Methylhydantoin (MW 114.10 g/mol, C4H6N2O2) is a small molecular weight polar substance. It is a product of creatinine degradation by bacteria and a bacterial metabolite. The compound is found in blood, feces, and urine. It is soluble in water and other appropriate solvents. It is stable under recommended storage conditions. N-Methylhydantoin is used in metabolic and bacterial research.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
N-Methylhydantoin is generally well-tolerated as a metabolite. The compound is a bacterial metabolite and a product of creatinine degradation. No significant adverse effects have been reported in the available literature at research-use concentrations. The compound is intended for research use only. Standard laboratory safety practices should be employed when handling this compound. Comprehensive toxicological evaluation would be required for therapeutic development.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
N-Methylhydantoin is an imidazolidine-2,4-dione, an N-methyl derivative of hydantoin. It is a bacterial metabolite functionally related to hydantoin. 1-Methylhydantoin has been reported in Daphnia pulex and Pogostemon cablin, and relevant data are available for reference.
N-Methylhydantoin (1-Methylhydantoin, Dioxy-creatinine) is a small molecular weight polar substance and a product of degradation of creatinine by bacteria. It is an imidazolidine-2,4-dione N-methyl-derivative of hydantoin with a role as a bacterial metabolite. In mammals, it is metabolized through 5-hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin. Its molecular formula is C4H6N2O2 with a molecular weight of 114.10 g/mol.All applications are limited to non-human research use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C4H6N2O2
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| Molecular Weight |
114.1026
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| Exact Mass |
114.043
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| CAS # |
616-04-6
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| PubChem CID |
69217
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.284 g/cm3
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| Melting Point |
156-157 °C(lit.)
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| Index of Refraction |
1.491
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| LogP |
-0.9
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
8
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| Complexity |
143
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
RHYBFKMFHLPQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C4H6N2O2/c1-6-2-3(7)5-4(6)8/h2H2,1H3,(H,5,7,8)
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| Chemical Name |
1-methylimidazolidine-2,4-dione
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~876.42 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (21.91 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (21.91 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (21.91 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 8.7642 mL | 43.8212 mL | 87.6424 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.7528 mL | 8.7642 mL | 17.5285 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.8764 mL | 4.3821 mL | 8.7642 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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