Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
IN NORMAL RATS, HIGHER RADIOACTIVITY WAS FOUND IN HEART, LIVER, SPLEEN & ADRENALS 2 HR AFTER ADMIN OF PALMITIC ACID THAN AFTER ADMIN OF MYRISTIC ACID. IN GRANULOMA POUCH-BEARING RATS, RADIOACTIVITY SHOWED HIGHER DISTRIBUTION IN ADRENALS & POUCH EXUDATE 2 HR AFTER PALMITIC ACID ADMIN, COMPARED TO THOSE GIVEN MYRISTIC ACID. RADIOACTIVITY IN THE POUCH WALL WAS GREATER IN RATS GIVEN MYRISTIC ACID.
Fatty acids originating from adipose tissue stores are either bound to serum albumin or remain unesterified in the blood.
Oleic, Palmitic, Myristic, and Stearic Acids are primarily transported via the lymphatic system, and Lauric Acid is transported by the lymphatic and (as a free fatty acid) portal systems.

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Metabolism / Metabolites
IN RATS FED COCONUT OIL, MYRISTIC ACID WAS ONE OF THE PRINCIPAL FATTY ACIDS PRESENT IN HEPATIC AND ADIPOSE TISSUE TRIGLYCERIDES. ETHANOL INCR THE PROPORTIONS OF MYRISTIC ACID.
IN ADDITION TO METABOLISM BY BETA-OXIDATION, MYRISTIC ACID HAS BEEN SHOWN TO UNDERGO CHAIN ELONGATION TO PALMITIC & STEARIC ACIDS, DESATURATION TO MYRISTOLEIC ACID & INCORPORATION INTO HEPATIC NEUTRAL LIPIDS (& TO A LESSER EXTENT, PHOSPHOLIPIDS).
THE CONVERSION OF SATURATED FATTY ACIDS TO MONOUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS BY THE 9000 X G SUPERNATANT RAT LIVER HOMOGENATE WAS LESS FOR MYRISTIC ACID THAN FOR PALMITIC ACID. THESE FATTY ACIDS PRODUCED ONLY DELTA9-MONOENOIC ACIDS OF THE SAME CHAIN LENGTH.
MYRISTATE INCORPORATED FROM (14)C-LABELED ACETATE WAS PREFERENTIALLY ESTERIFIED INTO TRIGLYCERIDE, WHEREAS THE LABELED STEARATE WAS CONVERTED INTO PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN THE ISOLATED RAT ADIPOSE CELLS.
For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for MYRISTIC ACID (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Tetradecanoic acid has known human metabolites that include 13-Hydroxytetradecanoic acid.

[1]. Myristic acid regulates triglyceride production in bovine mammary epithelial cells through the ubiquitination pathway. Agriculture, 2023, 13(10): 1870.

[2]. Myristic Acid Inhibits the Activity of the Bacterial ABC Transporter BmrA. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Dec 17;22(24):13565.

[3]. Myristic acid reduces skin inflammation and nociception. J Food Biochem. 2022 Jan;46(1):e14013.

[4]. Anti-inflammatory effects of myristic acid mediated by the NF-κB pathway in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV-2 microglial cells. Mol Omics. 2023 Oct 30;19(9):726-734.

Tetradecanoic acid is an oily white crystalline solid. (NTP, 1992)
Tetradecanoic acid is a straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat. It has a role as a human metabolite, an EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor, a Daphnia magna metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is a long-chain fatty acid and a straight-chain saturated fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a tetradecanoate.
Myristic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).
Myristic acid has been reported in Calodendrum capense, Camellia sinensis, and other organisms with data available.
Myristic Acid is a saturated long-chain fatty acid with a 14-carbon backbone. Myristic acid is found naturally in palm oil, coconut oil and butter fat.
Myristic acid is a saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed). Myristic acid is also commonly added to a penultimate nitrogen terminus glycine in receptor-associated kinases to confer the membrane localisation of the enzyme. this is achieved by the myristic acid having a high enough hydrophobicity to become incorporated into the fatty acyl core of the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane of the eukaryotic cell.(wikipedia).
myristic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
See also: Cod Liver Oil (part of); Saw Palmetto (part of).

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Mechanism of Action
... The specific hypothesis tested was that free fatty acid association with CD36, a class B scavenger receptor, induces the activation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS). A human microvascular endothelial cell line and a transfected Chinese hamster ovary cell system were used to determine which free fatty acids stimulate eNOS. Surprisingly, only myristic acid, and to a lesser extent palmitic acid, stimulated eNOS. The stimulation of eNOS was dose- and time-dependent. Competition experiments with other free fatty acids and with a CD36-blocking antibody demonstrated that the effects of myristic acid on eNOS required association with CD36. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that the effects of myristic acid on eNOS function were not dependent on PI 3-kinase, Akt kinase, or calcium. Pharmacological studies and dominant negative constructs were used to demonstrate that myristic acid/CD36 stimulation of eNOS activity was dependent on the activation of AMP kinase. These data demonstrate an unexpected link among myristic acid, CD36, AMP kinase, and eNOS activity.

C14H28O2

228.3709

228.208

544-63-8

11005

White to off-white solid powder

0.9±0.1 g/cm3

319.6±5.0 °C at 760 mmHg

52-54 °C(lit.)

144.8±12.5 °C

0.0±0.7 mmHg at 25°C

1.451

6.09

1

2

12

16

155

0

TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C14H28O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14(15)16/h2-13H2,1H3,(H,15,16)

tetradecanoic acid

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO : ≥ 250 mg/mL (~1094.71 mM)
Ethanol : ~100 mg/mL (~437.89 mM)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.95 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% EtOH + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear EtOH stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.95 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% EtOH + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear EtOH stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.

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Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (9.11 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 4: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (9.11 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 5: 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil

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Solubility in Formulation 6: 40 mg/mL (175.15 mM) in Cremophor EL (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)