| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Monolaurin is the monoglyceride of lauric acid (a 12-carbon fatty acid). It exhibits antimicrobial activity primarily against gram-positive bacteria, acid-fast bacteria, and some gram-negative bacteria like Helicobacter pylori, but is generally ineffective against other gram-negative organisms such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Its mechanism of action is thought to involve disruption of the bacterial cell membrane [1].
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| ln Vitro |
The antimicrobial activity of monolaurin was assessed using a macro-broth-dilution technique against various bacterial strains. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined for each susceptible organism [1].
Against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 33591), monolaurin was bactericidal at a concentration of 0.0625 mg/mL. A combination of monolaurin and origanum oil (0.0625 mg/mL each) was also bactericidal at this combined concentration [1]. Against Bacillus anthracis Sterne, monolaurin was bacteriostatic, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.0625 mg/mL. The organism showed growth when subcultured in drug-free media [1]. Against Escherichia coli, monolaurin showed no bactericidal effect at any concentration tested (up to >8.000 mg/mL) [1]. Against Klebsiella pneumoniae, monolaurin showed no bactericidal effect at any concentration tested (up to >8.000 mg/mL) [1]. Against Helicobacter pylori (ATCC 49503), monolaurin was bactericidal at a concentration of 0.0625 mg/mL. A combination of monolaurin and origanum oil was cidal at 0.0312 mg/mL of each [1]. Against Mycobacterium terrae (ATCC 15755), an acid-fast bacillus used as a surrogate for M. tuberculosis, monolaurin was bactericidal at 0.250 mg/mL. A combination of monolaurin and origanum oil was bactericidal at 0.125 mg/mL of each [1]. The study notes that monolaurin is generally more effective against gram-positive organisms, which is consistent with its observed activity against S. aureus and B. anthracis. Its potent activity against the gram-negative H. pylori is highlighted as an exception [1]. It is also mentioned that monolaurin inhibits the synthesis of most staphylococcal exoproteins at the level of transcription and inhibits signal transduction pathways, thereby affecting the expression of virulence factors such as protein A, alpha-hemolysin, β-lactamase, and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 in S. aureus [1]. |
| Cell Assay |
Susceptibility testing was performed using a macro-broth-dilution technique. Stock solutions of monolaurin were dissolved in a solvent of eight parts 50% ethanol and one part Tween 20. The respective broth (e.g., Nutrient Broth for S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae; TS Broth for B. anthracis Sterne; Middlebrook Broth for M. terrae) containing logarithmically, serially two-fold diluted amounts of monolaurin was inoculated with approximately 5×10⁵ CFU of actively dividing bacterial cells or spores. Cultures were incubated for 24 and 48 hours at 30°C on a metabolic rotary shaker, and growth was monitored visually and spectrophotometrically. The MIC was defined as the lowest concentration that arrested growth at 24 hours. The MBC was determined by subculturing 0.01 mL of the medium from culture tubes after 48 hours onto Nutrient Agar and incubating further. The lowest concentration causing negative growth (fewer than three colonies) was considered the MBC [1].
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity Summary
It is safe at the current usage and concentration. Ingredient, concentration, and usage information can be found at: https://cir-reports.cir-safety.org |
| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
1-Monolauroglycerol is a 1-monoglycerol ester with a dodecanoyl (lauroyl) acyl group. It is both a 1-monoglycerol ester and a dodecanoate ester.
See also: Glycerides, C12-18 (note moved to); Glyceryl laurate (note moved to). Monolaurin is a natural substance composed of monoglycerides and fatty acids with potential antimicrobial properties. It is the monoglyceride of lauric acid (C12), which has been identified as having optimum antimicrobial activity compared to other chain lengths [1]. Unlike diglycerides and triglycerides, monoglycerides like monolaurin are active against microorganisms [1]. The mechanism of action for monolaurin and other fatty acids/monoglycerides is thought to involve disruption of the bacterial or viral membrane, leading to inactivation [1]. Monolaurin has been shown to block or delay the production of exotoxins by pathogenic gram-positive bacteria [1]. The combination of monolaurin and origanum oil did not consistently augment the effect of either agent alone across all organisms tested, but did show a synergistic or additive effect against S. aureus, H. pylori, and M. terrae at lower combined concentrations [1]. The authors suggest that because of its long-standing safety record, monolaurin, alone or combined with antibiotics, might prove useful in the prevention and treatment of severe bacterial infections, especially those that are difficult to treat and/or are antibiotic resistant [1]. |
| Molecular Formula |
C15H30O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
274.4
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| Exact Mass |
274.214
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| CAS # |
142-18-7
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| Related CAS # |
Monolaurin-d23
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| PubChem CID |
14871
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| Appearance |
White to off-white <52°C powder,>52°C liquid
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| Density |
1.0±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
397.4±22.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
63ºC
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| Flash Point |
135.6±15.8 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.1 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.467
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| LogP |
4.04
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
14
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| Heavy Atom Count |
19
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| Complexity |
206
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O(C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])O[H])O[H])C(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H])=O
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| InChi Key |
ARIWANIATODDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H30O4/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-15(18)19-13-14(17)12-16/h14,16-17H,2-13H2,1H3
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| Chemical Name |
2,3-dihydroxypropyl dodecanoate
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| Synonyms |
Glyceryl monolaurate1-Monolaurin Lauricidin L1475 L 1475 L-1475
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~12.5 mg/mL (~45.55 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (4.56 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 12.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 1.25 mg/mL (4.56 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 12.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (4.56 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.6443 mL | 18.2216 mL | 36.4431 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7289 mL | 3.6443 mL | 7.2886 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3644 mL | 1.8222 mL | 3.6443 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06046937
Conditions:Bacterial InfectionsLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00004690
Conditions:IchthyosisProducts are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
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