Mexenone's 48-hour LC50 against D. japonica's LC50 against D is 1.5 mg/L. Ecosar's magnaby is 0.9 mg/L [1].

The study describes an acute toxicity protocol using the freshwater planarian (Dugesia japonica) as a model organism. Planarians (body length = 0.7 ± 0.1 cm) were exposed to Mexenone dissolved in reconstituted ISO water (containing CaCl₂, MgSO₄, NaHCO₃, KCl). The nominal test concentration range for Mexenone was 0.5 to 10 mg L⁻¹. For each concentration, five animals were kept in 50 mL of test solution in a glass beaker, with each treatment replicated five times. The test was conducted at 25 ± 1°C with a 12:12 h dark/light cycle. Animals were not fed during the 96-hour experimental period. Mortality was inspected every 24 hours; organisms without detectable movement were considered dead. [1]

Toxicity Summary
Identification and Uses: 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-4'-methylbenzophenone (micoxetine) belongs to the benzophenone class of sunscreens. Human Studies: Miclophenone has been reported as one of the most common contact allergens among other sunscreens. Benzophenone sunscreens (micoxetine, oxybenzone) are the most common sensitizers, accounting for 8 out of 27 observed positive sunscreen patch tests. It also produced a positive reaction in photopatch tests. One case report describes a patient with chronic polymorphic light eruption who developed a photosensitive allergic reaction to miclophenone, accompanied by multiple contact allergic reactions. Animal Studies: No data available. Interactions Objective: To describe and identify the photoallergens causing photosensitive contact dermatitis in outpatients at the Federico Leras Acosta Dermatology Center (CDFLLA) of the National Institute of Dermatology, Colombia. Materials and Methods: Eighty-two patients clinically diagnosed with photosensitive contact dermatitis were included in this study. These patients visited CDFLLA between August 2001 and May 2003. A standard series of sunscreens (Chemotechnique Diagnostics) and 6-methylcoumarin were used for photopatch testing. Cetyl alcohol, phenoxyethanol, methylparaben, propylene glycol, triethanolamine, propylparaben, triclocabanelli, and dichromate were also tested. Allergens were applied in duplicate to healthy skin on the back and covered with opaque tape. After 24 hours, the tape was removed, and the right side of the test plate was exposed to 5 J/cm² of UVA. Test results were read 24 hours after allergen application, 24 hours after exposure, and 72 hours after exposure. Results were assessed using the visual scoring system recommended by the International Contact Dermatitis Study Group. Results: 26 patients (31.7%) showed a positive response to one or more allergens in the photopatch test. Four patients tested positive for three allergens, and four tested positive for two allergens. A total of 38 photosensitivity reactions and 18 anaphylactic reactions were observed. Ultraviolet filters were the most common substance causing positive reactions in the photopatch test (30.5%). The most common ultraviolet filter photoallergen was benzophenone-3, which was positive in 22 of 82 patients (26.8%), followed by octyl methoxycinnamate (8/82), benzophenone-4 and methizone (2/82), phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid, toluene camphor, and octyldimethyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (1/82). One patient showed photosensitivity to 6-methylcoumarin. Positive reactions in 17 patients (65.3%) were consistent with different substances containing this molecule. 19.5% of patients (16/82) tested positive for one or more allergens in both the irradiated and unirradiated control sites. These cases were diagnosed as contact sensitization, possibly caused by inhaled allergens, with a natural course and clinical presentation similar to photosensitivity. The most common allergen was dichromate, with 10 cases testing positive. Conclusion: This study confirms that sunscreen is the most common sensitizing substance for photosensitive contact dermatitis in our population. Identifying photosensitizers is key to effective disease control and patient education.
Introduction: Between September 1994 and September 1999, we observed 19 cases of photoexacerbated contact sensitization or contact photosensitivity, with ketoprofen (a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug derived from arylpropionic acid) as the sensitizer. We conducted a retrospective clinical and photobiological study of these 19 cases and explored the cross-reactivity among benzophenone-containing molecules. Patients and Methods: At the clinical level, we investigated rash type, time to onset, initial rash area, and spread area. The phototherapy trials included patch therapy and photopatch therapy, using ketoprofen-containing gel (17 patients), ketoprofen 2 p. 100 Vaseline (14 patients), fenofibrate 10 p. 100 Vaseline and 10 p. 100 water (15 patients), and three benzophenone compounds (19 patients): oxybenzone 10 p. 100 Vaseline, methaqualone 2 p. 100 Vaseline, sulfonylurea 10 p. 100 Vaseline, and other arylpropionic acid derivatives (4 patients). Three identical groups were conducted: one group received 3/4 of the minimum erythema dose (MED); the second group received UVA irradiation at 13 J/cm² before January 1997, then at 5 J/cm²; and the third group received no irradiation (control group). Results: The patients included 9 men and 10 women, with a mean age of 41.2 years. The rash type was eczema. The delay in rash appearance ranged from 1 day to 3 months. In 10 patients, the delay ranged from 4 to 18 days. In one patient, the rash was confined to the irradiated area; in three patients, the rash initially appeared in the irradiated area and then spread to the contralateral ipsilateral area; in 13 patients, the rash initially appeared in the irradiated area and then spread to all irradiated areas; in two patients, the rash initially appeared in the irradiated area, then spread to irradiated areas, and finally to non-sun-irradiated areas. Three patients developed persistent photosensitivity after discontinuation of the contact agent, with severe contact photosensitivity to ketoprofen. Photopatch testing with ketoprofen gel showed 9 cases of photoexacerbated contact sensitivity, 6 cases of contact photosensitivity, and 2 cases of contact sensitivity. Ketoprofen photopatch testing showed 12 cases of contact photosensitivity and 2 cases of photoexacerbated contact sensitivity. All cases receiving thiaprofenic acid photopatch testing were positive (4/4), but other arylpropionic acid derivatives without a benzophenone structure were negative. All fenofibrate photopatch tests were positive (15/15). Photopatch tests for benzophenone compounds showed only 4 cases of contact photosensitivity to oxybenzone (4/19). Of the 68 patients, 68 experienced contact or photosensitivity reactions to fragrances. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the actual incidence of contact and photosensitivity reactions to ketoprofen, with a higher incidence of photosensitivity. Therefore, photopatch testing is crucial. Ketoprofen and tiprofenicol should be discontinued in patients with ketoprofen-induced photosensitivity, but other arylpropionic acid derivatives, fenofibrate, and benzophenones do not require discontinuation. This study determined the acute aquatic toxicity of mexenone to the freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica. The median lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) were: 1.5 mg L⁻¹ at 24 hours (95% CI: 1.4–1.6 mg L⁻¹), 1.5 mg L⁻¹ at 48 hours (95% CI: 1.4–1.6 mg L⁻¹), 1.5 mg L⁻¹ at 72 hours (95% CI: 1.4–1.6 mg L⁻¹), and 1.4 mg L⁻¹ at 96 hours (95% CI: 1.2–1.6 mg L⁻¹). [1] According to the EU classification of aquatic hazards, a 48-hour LC₅₀ between 1 and 10 mg L⁻¹ indicates that Mexenone is “toxic to aquatic life”. [1]
This study also provides physicochemical properties related to environmental fate and potential toxicity: octanol-water partition coefficient (log Kₒw) = 4.07, molecular weight = 242.27 g/mol, water solubility = 33 mg L⁻¹. [1]

[1]. Acute toxicity of benzophenone-type UV filters and paraben preservatives to freshwater planarian, Dugesia japonica. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry. Volume 94, 2012 - Issue 3.

Benzyl ketone is a benzophenone compound.

---

Benzyl ketone (BP-10) is a benzophenone-based ultraviolet (UV) filter. [1]
It is used as a UV stabilizer or absorber in cosmetics and sunscreens to protect skin or materials from UV radiation damage. [1]
In a ranking of the acute toxicity of 14 benzophenone-based UV filters in planarians, Benzyl ketone ranked second in toxicity over both 48-hour and 96-hour exposure periods, second only to oxybenzone (BP-3). [1]
This study highlights the need for further ecotoxicological studies of benzophenone-based UV filters, such as Benzyl ketone, to facilitate adequate eco-risk assessments, given their prevalence in aquatic environments. [1]

C15H14O3

242.26986

242.094

1641-17-4

71645

Light yellow to yellow solid powder

1.2±0.1 g/cm3

400.1±35.0 °C at 760 mmHg

99-102°C

150.2±19.4 °C

0.0±1.0 mmHg at 25°C

1.588

4.1

1

3

3

18

282

0

MJVGBKJNTFCUJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C15H14O3/c1-10-3-5-11(6-4-10)15(17)13-8-7-12(18-2)9-14(13)16/h3-9,16H,1-2H3

(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-(4-methylphenyl)methanone

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO : ~50 mg/mL (~206.38 mM)
H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL

Solubility in Formulation 1: 2.5 mg/mL (10.32 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with sonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

---

Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.32 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.

---

 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)