Rat uterus and guinea pig atrium were used to measure in vitro β1- and β2-adrenoceptor antagonistic interactions, respectively. The pA2 levels are 8.3 and 8.4 correspondingly[2]. With an IC50 value of 6.9 μM, metyrolol considerably decreases the lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate produced by iron and ascorbic acid. In rat brain homogenate, metyrolol also showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of sodium nitroprusside-stimulated lipid peroxidation, with an IC50 value of 25.1 μM [3].

Postnatal day 35 (P35) rd10 mice subcutaneously injected with 40 mg/kg metyrolol daily showed decreased markers of nitrosative stress, a decrease in TUNEL-positive cells, an increase in the thickness of the outer nuclear layer, and rhodopsin staining. rising. In the retina of rd10 mice treated with metyranol, 3-nitrotyrosine staining decreased at P50 and increased immunostaining for cone inhibitory protein, a marker of cone photoreceptors, at the highest stimulation intensity. Under scotopic and photopic conditions, the amplitude of the b-wave increased significantly. Compared to rd10 mice injected with vehicle, metyrolol-treated mice exhibited a significantly higher cone density at P65 [1].

Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation
Based on its physicochemical properties and its ophthalmic route of administration, metipranolol eye drops would not be expected to cause any adverse effects in breastfed infants. Some guidelines state that gel formulations are preferred over solutions. To substantially diminish the amount of drug that reaches the breastmilk after using eye drops, place pressure over the tear duct by the corner of the eye for 1 minute or more, then remove the excess solution with an absorbent tissue.
◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants
Relevant published information on metipranolol was not found as of the revision date. A study of mothers taking beta-blockers during nursing found a numerically, but not statistically significant increased number of adverse reactions in those taking any beta-blocker. Although the ages of infants were matched to control infants, the ages of the affected infants were not stated. None of the mothers were taking metipranolol.
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk
Relevant published information on the effects of beta-blockade or metipranolol during normal lactation was not found as of the revision date. A study in 6 patients with hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea found no changes in serum prolactin levels following beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol.

[1]. Metipranolol promotes structure and function of retinal photoreceptors in the rd10 mouse model of human retinitis pigmentosa. J Neurochem. 2019 Jan;148(2):307-318.

[2]. A study on the ocular and extraocular pharmacology of metipranolol. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1985;222(3):123-7.

[3]. Metipranolol attenuates lipid peroxidation in rat brain: a comparative study with other antiglaucoma drugs. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2003 Oct;241(10):827-33.

Metipranolol is 3-(Propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by a 4-acetoxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenoxy group. A non-cardioselective beta-blocker, it is used to lower intra-ocular pressure in the management of open-angle glaucoma. It has a role as a beta-adrenergic antagonist, an anti-arrhythmia drug, an antihypertensive agent and an antiglaucoma drug. It is a propanolamine, an acetate ester, an aromatic ether and a secondary amino compound.
A beta-adrenergic antagonist effective for both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors. It is used as an antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, and antiglaucoma agent.
Metipranolol is a beta-Adrenergic Blocker. The mechanism of action of metipranolol is as an Adrenergic beta-Antagonist.
A beta-adrenergic antagonist effective for both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors. It is used as an antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, and antiglaucoma agent.

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Drug Indication
Indicated in the treatment of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with ocular hypertension or open angle glaucoma.

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Mechanism of Action
Although it is known that metipranolol binds the beta1 and beta2 adrenergic receptors, the mechanism of metipranolol's action is not known. It has no significant intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, and has only weak local anesthetic (membrane-stabilizing) and myocardial depressant activity. It appears that the ophthalmic beta-adrenergic blocking agents reduce aqueous humor production, as demonstrated by tonography and fluorophotometry. A slight increase in aqueous humor outflow may be an additional mechanism.

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Pharmacodynamics
Metipranolol is a beta1 and beta2 (non-selective) adrenergic receptor-blocking agent that does not have significant intrinsic sympathomimetic, direct myocardial depressant, or local anesthetic (membrane-stabilizing) activity. Metipranolol is indicated in the treatment of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma. Metipranolol, when applied topically to the eye, has the action of reducing elevated, as well as normal, intraocular pressure, whether or not accompanied by glaucoma. Elevated intraocular pressure is a major risk factor in the pathogenesis of glaucomatous visual field loss and optic nerve damage. Metipranolol reduces intraocular pressure with little or no effect on pupil size or accommodation in contrast to the miosis which cholinergic agents are known to produce.

C17H27NO4

309.40058

309.194

22664-55-7

31477

White to off-white solid powder

1.068g/cm3

458.7ºC at 760mmHg

105-107 °C
105 - 107 °C

231.2ºC

3.29E-09mmHg at 25°C

1.512

2.665

2

5

8

22

348

0

BQIPXWYNLPYNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C17H27NO4/c1-10(2)18-8-15(20)9-21-16-7-11(3)17(22-14(6)19)13(5)12(16)4/h7,10,15,18,20H,8-9H2,1-6H3

[4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl] acetate

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage.

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO : ~250 mg/mL (~808.02 mM)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.72 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.72 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.72 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)