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| Targets |
Methyl vanillate targets the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. It acts as an activator of this pathway, promoting the nuclear translocation and expression of β-catenin. By activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling, it induces osteoblast differentiation and increases bone formation. It also exhibits antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes.
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| ln Vitro |
In calvarial osteoblasts, methyl vanillate (0-100 μM) promotes nuclear translocation and β-catenin expression. In a dose-dependent manner, methyl vanillate raises ALP activity in skull osteoblasts [1].
In vitro, Methyl vanillate (0-100 μM) promotes nuclear translocation and β-catenin expression in calvarial osteoblasts. In a dose-dependent manner, it raises ALP activity in skull osteoblasts. It increases the expression of differentiation markers RUNX2, BMP2, ALP, and OCN in a dose-dependent manner. It activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and induces osteoblast differentiation. It also demonstrates antifungal activity. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Methyl vanillate has been shown to increase bone mass in both growing and ovariectomized mouse models, highlighting its research utility in bone metabolism studies. It activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, promoting osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Its antioxidant effects have also been demonstrated in vivo. The compound's ability to modulate bone metabolism makes it a potential candidate for osteoporosis research.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The activity of Methyl vanillate can be assessed using cell-free assays to measure its antioxidant properties. The DPPH radical scavenging assay and other antioxidant assays can be used. Its ability to activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway can be assessed using reporter gene assays with a Wnt-responsive luciferase construct in cell-free systems.
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| Cell Assay |
To evaluate the cellular effects of Methyl vanillate, osteoblasts or other cell types are treated with the compound. The activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is assessed by measuring β-catenin levels, its nuclear translocation, and the expression of Wnt target genes (e.g., RUNX2, BMP2, ALP, OCN). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity is measured as a marker of osteoblast differentiation. Cell proliferation and viability are also assessed.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies with Methyl vanillate typically involve administration to animal models via oral routes. In models of osteoporosis (e.g., ovariectomized mice), the compound's effects on bone mass, bone mineral density, and bone turnover markers are assessed. In growing mice, its effects on bone development are evaluated. Pharmacokinetic parameters, such as bioavailability and half-life, are also characterized.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Methyl vanillate has a molecular formula of C₉H₁₀O₄ and a molecular weight of 182.18 g/mol. Its CAS number is 3943-74-6. It is soluble in DMSO (≥20 mg/mL). It is an analytical standard with a purity suitable for research applications. It should be stored under recommended conditions.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Specific toxicology data for Methyl vanillate are not extensively detailed in the available literature. However, its use in animal studies at effective doses suggests a degree of tolerability. As with all research compounds, standard safety precautions should be taken when handling Methyl vanillate. It is intended for research use only and is not for human consumption.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Methyl vanillate is a benzoic acid ester, specifically the methyl ester of vanillic acid. It possesses antioxidant properties and is also a plant metabolite. It belongs to the benzoic acid ester, phenolic, and aromatic ether class of compounds, and is functionally related to vanillic acid. Methyl vanillate has been reported to exist in Rhinacanthus nasutus, Aristolochia kankauensis, and other organisms with relevant data. Methyl vanillate is a metabolite found or produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Methyl vanillate is a Wnt/β-catenin pathway activator and a natural product found in Oryza sativa and Hovenia dulcis. It induces osteoblast differentiation and increases bone mass in vivo. Methyl vanillate also has antioxidant and antifungal activities. It is used as a research tool to study bone metabolism, Wnt signaling, and osteoporosis. |
| Molecular Formula |
C9H10O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
182.18
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| Exact Mass |
182.057
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| CAS # |
3943-74-6
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| PubChem CID |
19844
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| Appearance |
Off-white to light brown solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
286.0±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
64-67 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
120.2±15.8 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.6 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.534
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| LogP |
1.54
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
13
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| Complexity |
181
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
BVWTXUYLKBHMOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H10O4/c1-12-8-5-6(9(11)13-2)3-4-7(8)10/h3-5,10H,1-2H3
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| Chemical Name |
Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-, methyl ester
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| Synonyms |
NSC-74385NSC 74385 Methyl vanillateNSC74385
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~548.94 mM)
H2O : ~1.67 mg/mL (~9.17 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.72 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.72 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.72 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 2 mg/mL (10.98 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication (<60°C). |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.4891 mL | 27.4454 mL | 54.8908 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0978 mL | 5.4891 mL | 10.9782 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5489 mL | 2.7445 mL | 5.4891 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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