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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
(+)-Menthol targets various receptors, with its biological activity being stereospecific. It is known to interact with transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, particularly TRPM8, which is the primary receptor for menthol's cooling sensation. However, the affinity for this receptor differs between enantiomers, with (-)-menthol typically being more potent. It also has antifungal activity.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, electrically generated contractions of rat diaphragm muscle are dose-dependently reduced by (+)-menthol (0.0001-0.1 μg/ml) until contraction is totally eliminated. [1].
In vitro, (+)-Menthol has been shown to inhibit the growth of the fungus F. verticillioides with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.5 mM. This demonstrates its antifungal activity in vitro. Specific IC50 values for receptor interactions or other activities are not provided in the available sources. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, (+)-Menthol is used in various applications, including oral gel patches or films containing herb extracts or Chinese medicine for purposes such as smoking cessation. Its effects are mediated through its interaction with sensory receptors, providing a cooling sensation. Specific in vivo efficacy data for therapeutic indications are not provided.
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| Enzyme Assay |
A cell-free assay for (+)-Menthol would involve measuring its binding affinity to TRPM8 or other receptors using techniques such as radioligand binding assays or surface plasmon resonance. Its antifungal activity could be assessed in cell-free systems by measuring inhibition of fungal growth. However, specific assay protocols are not detailed in the available sources.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for (+)-Menthol would typically involve measuring its effects on TRPM8-expressing cells, such as calcium influx assays. Cells are treated with the compound, and changes in intracellular calcium levels are measured. This allows for the assessment of its agonistic activity at the TRPM8 receptor. Specific protocols are not detailed.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for (+)-Menthol are not described in the available sources. As a compound used in topical and oral applications, its effects have been studied in humans. Preclinical studies in animal models may have been conducted, but specific protocols and data are not provided.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
(+)-Menthol is a small, lipophilic molecule with a molecular weight of 156.27. It is well absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes. Its pharmacokinetic properties are consistent with those of other terpene alcohols. It is metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine. Specific PK parameters are not provided.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity data for (+)-Menthol are not detailed in the available sources. As a widely used compound in food and cosmetic products, it is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) at low concentrations. However, high doses can cause toxicity. Specific toxicological information is not provided.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
D,l-Menthol is a white crystalline solid with a minty odor and taste. (NTP, 1992)
(+)-Menthol is a p-menthane-3-ol with a (1S,2R,5S)- stereochemical configuration. Unlike (-)-menthol, the (+)-enantiomer is extremely rare in nature. It is the enantiomer of (-)-menthol. (+)-menthol has been reported in the tonsils (Diaporthe amygdali), and relevant data are available. See also: Menthol (note moved to). (+)-Menthol (CAS: 15356-60-2) is the dextrorotatory enantiomer of menthol. It is a monoterpene alcohol found in Cannabis and has antifungal activity. It inhibits the growth of F. verticillioides with an MIC of 1.5 mM. Its distinct spatial orientation alters its biological receptor affinity compared to (-)-menthol. It is used in oral gel patches and films. Its molecular formula is C10H20O. |
| Molecular Formula |
C10H20O
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
156.2652
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| Exact Mass |
156.151
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| CAS # |
15356-60-2
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| Related CAS # |
(+)-Menthol; 15356-60-2
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| PubChem CID |
165675
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
0.9±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
215.4±8.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
43-44ºC
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| Flash Point |
93.3±0.0 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.9 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.457
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| Source |
Originated from plants: Leguminosae Erythrina poeppigiana
Originated from plants: Labiatae |
| LogP |
3.2
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
11
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| Complexity |
120
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
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| SMILES |
C[C@H]1CC[C@@H]([C@H](C1)O)C(C)C
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| InChi Key |
NOOLISFMXDJSKH-AEJSXWLSSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H20O/c1-7(2)9-5-4-8(3)6-10(9)11/h7-11H,4-6H2,1-3H3/t8-,9+,10-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(1S,2R,5S)-5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylcyclohexan-1-ol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: ~100 mg/mL (~639.9 mM; with ultrasonication)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.00 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween-80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), Clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL of PEG300 and mix well; then add 50 μL of Tween-80 and mix well; finally add 450 μL of physiological saline and adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.00 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), Clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD saline and mix well. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.00 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), Clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL of corn oil and mix well. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.3992 mL | 31.9959 mL | 63.9918 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.2798 mL | 6.3992 mL | 12.7984 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6399 mL | 3.1996 mL | 6.3992 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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