Melatonin

Alias: N-Acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine; Circadin; Melatonin; Melatonine; NSC 113928; 5-Methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine; NSC 56423; Regulin

Cat No.:V1311 Purity: ≥98%

COA Product Data Instructions for use SDS

Melatonin (Circadin; 5-Methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine; NSC-56423; NSC 113928; Regulin), an endogenous indoleamine neurohormone associated with control of the sleep–wake cycle,is a MT receptor agonist used as a dietary supplement for controlling of circadian rhythm.

Melatonin Chemical Structure CAS No.: 73-31-4
Product category: MT Receptor

This product is for research use only, not for human use. We do not sell to patients.

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Other Forms of Melatonin:

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Top Publications Citing lnvivochem Products

Nature 2021, 597(7874):119-125.

Cell 2020,183:1202-1218.e25.

Science Adv 2022: 8, eabm9427.

Nature 597, 119–125 (2021)

Cell Stem Cell 2020,26(6):845-861.e12.

Science Trans Med 2023,15(701):eadd7872.

STTT 2023,8(1):91.

Cell Reports 2023,42(4):112313

Science Trans Med 2023, 15: eadd7872.

Cancer Cell 2021,39(4):529-547.e7.

Cancer Discov 2022,12(4):1106-1127.

Immunity 2023,56(3):620-634.e11.

J Am Chem Soc 2022,144:21831-21836.

Cell 2020,183:1202-1218.e25.

Science Adv 2022:8,eabm9427.

Nature 2021,597(7874):119-125.

Cell 2020,183:1202-1218.e25.

PNAS Nexus 2022,1(3):pgac063.

ACS Nano 2023,17(10):9110-9125.

Biomaterial 2023 Sep16:302:122333.

Purity & Quality Control Documentation

Current batch：

Purity: ≥98%

COA

MSDS

NMR

Instructions

Product Description
Bioactivity & Protocols
Physicochemical Properties
Solubility Data
Calculators
Clinical Trial Information
Biological Data

Product Description

Melatonin (Circadin; 5-Methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine; NSC-56423; NSC 113928; Regulin), an endogenous indoleamine neurohormone associated with control of the sleep–wake cycle, is a MT receptor agonist used as a dietary supplement for controlling of circadian rhythm. Melatonin is mostly secreted at night by the pineal gland.

Biological Activity I Assay Protocols (From Reference)

Targets

Microbial Metabolite; Human Endogenous Metabolite

ln Vitro

In vitro activity: Melatonin exhibits a rate constant of interaction with the highly toxic hydroxyl radical that is comparable to other potent scavengers of hydroxyl radicals. It is said that melatonin neutralizes nitric oxide, hypochlorous acid, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and peroxynitrite anion.[1]
Melatonin is thought to scavenge the peroxynitrite anion, the extremely toxic hydroxyl radical, and possibly the peroxyl radical. Melatonin is said to quench singlet oxygen and scavenge the superoxide anion radical. Melatonin increases its antioxidative capacity by stimulating the activities of glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, all of which are antioxidative enzymes, as well as their mRNA levels.[2] It has been demonstrated that melatonin directly scavenges H2O2, singlet oxygen (1O2), and nitric oxide (NO*) in cell-free systems, but it has little to no effect on scavenging the superoxide anion radical (O2*-) in vitro. Additionally, melatonin directly detoxifies the activated form of this molecule, ONOOH*, as well as the peroxynitrite anion (ONOO-) and/or peroxynitrous acid (ONOOH). Melatonin has the capacity to detoxify reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species by acting as a direct scavenger of free radicals.[3]
Melatonin inhibits the accumulation of cAMP in the majority of the cells analyzed; however, up until now, indole's effects on other messengers have frequently only been seen in a single type of cell or tissue. Additionally, melatonin controls the expression of c-Fos and the phosphorylation of cAMP-responsive element binding protein, two transcription factors.[4]

ln Vivo

Melatonin prevents Th17/Treg imbalance by activating the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway, which in turn reduces necrotizing enterocolitis.

Cell Assay

Cell lines: HepG2 cells
Concentrations: 1.2 mM
Incubation Time: 24 h
Method: Cells were treated with various concentrations of drug for 24 h.

Animal Protocol

Two sets of adult male C57BL/6j mice weighing 21–26 g are randomly assigned to one of four groups and treated with intraperitoneal (i.p.) delivery of the following: (i) vehicle (50 μL isotonic saline/5% ethanol); (ii) melatonin (4 mg/kg, dissolved in 0.9% isotonic saline/5% ethanol); (iii) Wortmannin; and (iv) melatonin/Wortmannin/Wortmannin as soon as the mice see reperfusion. To assess disseminated ischemic injury in the striatum and analyze signaling pathways, mice in the first set (n = 7 per group) are subjected to 30 minutes of focal cerebral ischemia (FCI) and 72 hours of reperfusion. For the examination of infarct formation, brain enlargement, and IgG extravasation, the second group of mice (n = 7 per group) is subjected to 90 min of FCI and 24 h of reperfusion.

Mice

References

[1]. J Biomed Sci . 2000 Nov-Dec;7(6):444-58.

[2]. Prog Neurobiol . 1998 Oct;56(3):359-84.

[3]. Cell Biochem Biophys . 2001;34(2):237-56.

[4]. Physiol Rev . 1998 Jul;78(3):687-721.

[5]. Front Pharmacol . 2022 Sep 26:13:1007006.

[6]. Theranostics . 2020 Jun 19;10(17):7730-7746.

These protocols are for reference only. InvivoChem does not independently validate these methods.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula

C13H16N2O2

Molecular Weight

232.28

Exact Mass

232.12

Elemental Analysis

C, 67.22; H, 6.94; N, 12.06; O, 13.78

CAS #

73-31-4

Related CAS #

Melatonin-d4; 66521-38-8; Melatonin-d3; 90735-69-6; Melatonin-d7; 615251-68-8

Appearance

Solid powder

SMILES

CC(=O)NCCC1=CNC2=C1C=C(C=C2)OC

InChi Key

DRLFMBDRBRZALE-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChi Code

InChI=1S/C13H16N2O2/c1-9(16)14-6-5-10-8-15-13-4-3-11(17-2)7-12(10)13/h3-4,7-8,15H,5-6H2,1-2H3,(H,14,16)

Chemical Name

N-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]acetamide

Synonyms

N-Acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine; Circadin; Melatonin; Melatonine; NSC 113928; 5-Methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine; NSC 56423; Regulin

HS Tariff Code

2934.99.9001

Storage

Powder -20°C 3 years

4°C 2 years

In solvent -80°C 6 months

-20°C 1 month

Shipping Condition

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO: 47~100 mg/mL (202.3~430.5 mM)

Water:<1 mg/mL

Ethanol: 12.5~47 mg/mL (53.8~202.3 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

5%absolute ethyl alcohol + 95%Corn oil: 2.3mg/ml (9.90mM) (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	4.3051 mL	21.5257 mL	43.0515 mL
	5 mM	0.8610 mL	4.3051 mL	8.6103 mL
	10 mM	0.4305 mL	2.1526 mL	4.3051 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.

Calculator

Mass

Concentration

Volume

Molecular Weight*

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Molarity Calculator allows you to calculate the mass, volume, and/or concentration required for a solution, as detailed below:

Calculate the Mass of a compound required to prepare a solution of known volume and concentration
Calculate the Volume of solution required to dissolve a compound of known mass to a desired concentration
Calculate the Concentration of a solution resulting from a known mass of compound in a specific volume

See Example

An example of molarity calculation using the molarity calculator is shown below:
What is the mass of compound required to make a 10 mM stock solution in 5 ml of DMSO given that the molecular weight of the compound is 350.26 g/mol?

Enter 350.26 in the Molecular Weight (MW) box
Enter 10 in the Concentration box and choose the correct unit (mM)
Enter 5 in the Volume box and choose the correct unit (mL)
Click the “Calculate” button
The answer of 17.513 mg appears in the Mass box. In a similar way, you may calculate the volume and concentration.

Concentration (Start)

Volume (Start)

Concentration (End)

Volume (End)

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Dilution Calculator allows you to calculate how to dilute a stock solution of known concentrations. For example, you may Enter C1, C2 & V2 to calculate V1, as detailed below:

What volume of a given 10 mM stock solution is required to make 25 ml of a 25 μM solution?
Using the equation C1V1 = C2V2, where C1=10 mM, C2=25 μM, V2=25 ml and V1 is the unknown:

Enter 10 into the Concentration (Start) box and choose the correct unit (mM)
Enter 25 into the Concentration (End) box and select the correct unit (mM)
Enter 25 into the Volume (End) box and choose the correct unit (mL)
Click the “Calculate” button
The answer of 62.5 μL (0.1 ml) appears in the Volume (Start) box

Molecular formula

Total molecular weight

g/mol

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Molecular Weight Calculator allows you to calculate the molar mass and elemental composition of a compound, as detailed below:

Note: Chemical formula is case sensitive: C12H18N3O4 c12h18n3o4
Instructions to calculate molar mass (molecular weight) of a chemical compound:

To calculate molar mass of a chemical compound, please enter the chemical/molecular formula and click the “Calculate’ button.

Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:

Molecular mass (or molecular weight) is the mass of one molecule of a substance and is expressed in the unified atomic mass units (u). (1 u is equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12)
Molar mass (molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.

Volume (to add to vial)

Mass (in vial)

Desired Reconstitution Concentration

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Reconstitution Calculator allows you to calculate the volume of solvent required to reconstitute your vial.

Enter the mass of the reagent and the desired reconstitution concentration as well as the correct units
Click the “Calculate” button
The answer appears in the Volume (to add to vial) box

In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)

Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal to make allowance for loss during the experiment)

Dosage mg/kg

Average weight of animals g

Dosing volume per animal μL

Number of animals

Step 2: Enter in vivo formulation (This is only a calculator, not the exact formulation for a specific product. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation in the solubility section.)

% DMSO

% Tween 80

% ddH₂O

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Calculation results

Working concentration： mg/mL；

Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH₂O，mix and clarify.

Note： (1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.

Clinical Trial Information

NCT Number	Recruitment	interventions	Conditions	Sponsor/Collaborators	Start Date	Phases
NCT05257291	Active Recruiting	Drug: Melatonin	Essential Hypertension	Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale degli Spedali Civili di Brescia	February 2, 2018	Phase 2
NCT05654415	Active Recruiting	Other: Melatonin Other: Deprivation	Epilepsy	IRCCS National Neurological Institute "C. Mondino" Foundation	September 1, 2021	Not Applicable
NCT01863446	Active Recruiting	Device: Lighting1 Device: Lighting2	Pregnancy	Brigham and Women's Hospital	May 2013	Not Applicable
NCT00512070	Active Recruiting	Drug: olanzapine and melatonin	Schizophrenia Bipolar Disorder Obesity	Seattle Institute for Biomedical and Clinical Research	July 2007	Not Applicable
NCT05042700	Active Recruiting	Drug: Melatonin Drug: Placebo	Low Anterior Resection Syndrome	Ismail Gögenur	October 13, 2021	Phase 2

Biological Data

Therapeutic effect of melatonin in mouse pups on necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Theranostics . 2020 Jun 19;10(17):7730-7746.
Melatonin effects are associated with the lamina propria Th17/Treg balance. Theranostics . 2020 Jun 19;10(17):7730-7746.
Melatonin effects require Th17/Treg balance. Theranostics . 2020 Jun 19;10(17):7730-7746.
Melatonin inhibits cell proliferation. Front Pharmacol . 2022 Sep 26:13:1007006.
Analysis of gene expression changes induced by melatonin. Front Pharmacol . 2022 Sep 26:13:1007006.

Inhibition of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-induced luteinizing hormone (LH) release from neonatal rat gonadotrophs by melatonin. Dispersed cells were attached to culture plates (∼150 000 cells/well) and cultured in 95% air-5% CO2. Physiol Rev . 1998 Jul;78(3):687-721.