| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5g |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
|
| ln Vitro |
WT 10403S has MICs of 34 mM, 25 mM, 31 mM, and 30 mM against acids (such maleic acid), which translate to pre-growth pH values of 4.84, 5.14, 5.32, and 5.02, in that order. Maleic acid, which functions at a lower pH (4.84), exhibited the least inhibitory effect of all the chemicals examined. At pH 3, 8.6 mM and 4.3 mM of each organic acid were given to the strains that were the least acid-tolerant (EGD-e) and the most acid-tolerant (10403S), respectively. Maleic acid had the greatest bactericidal effect on these two strains [2].
|
|---|---|
| References |
|
| Additional Infomation |
Maleic acid is a colorless crystalline solid having a faint odor. It is combustible though it may take some effort to ignite. It is soluble in water. It is used to make other chemicals and for dyeing and finishing naturally occurring fibers.
Maleic acid is a butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an algal metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a maleate(1-) and a maleate. Maleic acid has been reported in Populus tremula, Psychotria punctata, and other organisms with data available. Maleic Acid is an organic salt or ester of maleic acid that could be conjugated to free base compounds/drugs to improve the physiochemical properties including stability, solubility and dissolution rate. (NCI) Maleic acid is an industrial raw material for the production of glyoxylic acid by ozonolysis. Maleic acid is an organic compound which is a dicarboxylic acid (molecule with two carboxyl groups). The molecule consists of an ethylene group flanked by two carboxylic acid groups. Maleic acid is the cis isomer of butenedioic acid, whereas fumaric acid is the trans isomer. The cis isomer is the less stable one of the two; the difference in heat of combustion is 22.7 kJ/mol. The physical properties of maleic acid are very different from that of fumaric acid. Maleic acid is soluble in water whereas fumaric acid is not and the melting point of maleic acid (130 - 131 degree centigrade) is also much lower than that of fumaric acid (287 degree centigrade). Both properties of maleic acid can be explained on account of the intramolecular hydrogen bonding that takes place at the expense of intermolecular interactions. Maleic acid is converted into maleic anhydride by dehydration, to malic acid by hydration, and to succinic acid by hydrogenation. It reacts with thionyl chloride or phosphorus pentachloride to give the maleic acid chloride (it is not possible to isolate the mono acid chloride). Maleic acid is a reactant in many Diels-Alder reactions. See also: Surfomer (monomer of); Ferropolimaler (monomer of) ... View More ... Mechanism of Action Kidney damage has been observed as a systemic toxic action of maleic acid. Morphological-functional changes in the kidneys were produced by intraperitoneal injection (100-350 mg/kg; rats, dogs) and also by inhalation exposure to ca. 720 mg/mc (rats). The damage to distal and proximal tubular resorption produced by maleic acid is reminiscent of the known (congenital or acquired) Fanconi syndrome in humans. This damage seems to be caused by the interaction of maleic acid with glutathione in tubular renal cells, leading to intolerable concentration of free radicals and peroxides. In addition to the resultant cellular damage, maleic acid appears to affect Na+ and H+ ion transport in the proximal tubes [RE5]. After chronic exposure of male rats (250, 500, 750 mg/kg /per/ day for up to two years), an increased mortality as well as kidney damage and delayed growth was observed in all dosage groups. Liver and testicular damage has also been found in highest dosage group. No signs of carcinogenic activity of maleic acid were discovered with long-term dosage, which however was not designed as a carcinogenicity study. |
| Molecular Formula |
C4H4O4
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
116.07
|
| Exact Mass |
116.01
|
| CAS # |
110-16-7
|
| Related CAS # |
Maleic Acid-d2;24461-33-4
|
| PubChem CID |
444266
|
| Appearance |
Monoclinic prisms from water
White crystals from water, alcohol and benzene Colorless crystals |
| Density |
1.5±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
355.5±25.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
134-138ºC
|
| Flash Point |
183.0±19.7 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.7 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.526
|
| LogP |
-0.01
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
8
|
| Complexity |
119
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
O([H])C(/C(/[H])=C(/[H])\C(=O)O[H])=O
|
| InChi Key |
VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C4H4O4/c5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h1-2H,(H,5,6)(H,7,8)/b2-1-
|
| Chemical Name |
2-Butenedioic acid (2Z)-
|
| Synonyms |
Maleic acid Kyselina maleinova 2-Butenedioic acidcis-Butenedioic acid
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~861.55 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 100 mg/mL (861.55 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 8.6155 mL | 43.0775 mL | 86.1549 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.7231 mL | 8.6155 mL | 17.2310 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.8615 mL | 4.3077 mL | 8.6155 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | interventions | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
| NCT04293081 | Completed | Drug: Preemptive chlorepheniramine maleate intravenous injection |
Agitated; State, Acute Reaction to Stress |
Ain Shams University | January 16, 2019 | Not Applicable |
| NCT03667131 | Completed | Drug: Enalapril Maleate Drug: Placebo |
Rheumatoid Arthritis | University of Guadalajara | February 13, 2017 | Phase 2 |
| NCT04486911 | Active, not recruiting | Drug: Pyrotinib maleate, SHR6390, letrozole |
Breast Cancer | Shengjing Hospital | July 27, 2020 | Phase 2 |
| NCT05228951 | Recruiting | Drug: Pyrotinib maleate, dalpiciclib, Trastuzumab, letrozole |
Breast Cancer | Shengjing Hospital | February 10, 2022 | Phase 2 |
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
