| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100mg |
|
||
| 250mg |
|
||
| 500mg |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Maduramicin targets protozoan parasites, particularly Eimeria species, which cause coccidiosis. As a polyether ionophore, it disrupts ion balance by selectively binding to monovalent cations such as potassium, rubidium, sodium, lithium, and cesium ions over divalent cations. This disrupts the electrochemical gradient across the parasite's cell membrane, leading to the influx of ions, osmotic imbalance, and ultimately cell death. Its high efficacy at low doses makes it a valuable tool in animal husbandry for maintaining flock health and preventing disease spread.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Maduramicin is a potent ionophore antibiotic. Its activity is characterized by its ability to selectively bind to monovalent cations and disrupt ion balance in protozoan parasites. It has been shown to completely protect chicks against mortality in a model of coccidiosis induced by E. species. Its potency and selectivity for protozoa over host cells are key features of its in vitro profile, making it an effective veterinary drug.
|
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Maduramicin is used in veterinary medicine to control coccidiosis in poultry and livestock. It is administered orally, typically in feed, at low doses. Its efficacy has been demonstrated in animal models, where it reduces lesions and completely protects chicks against mortality in a model of coccidiosis. Its distinct mode of action has also drawn interest in pharmacological research, particularly for its role in studying ion transport and potential resistance mechanisms among protozoan pathogens.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding studies are not applicable to Maduramicin, as it is an ionophore that acts by disrupting ion balance rather than binding to a specific enzyme or receptor. Its activity is assessed by measuring its effects on ion transport in model systems. For example, its ability to bind to and transport ions across membranes can be studied using artificial lipid bilayers or by measuring ion flux in cells. These studies help to characterize its mechanism as an ionophore and to understand its selectivity for monovalent cations.
|
| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for Maduramicin are used to study its effects on protozoan parasites. In these experiments, parasites such as Eimeria are cultured in the presence of serial dilutions of the compound, and the inhibition of parasite growth is measured. The compound's selectivity for parasites over host cells can be assessed by testing its activity against mammalian cell lines. These assays confirm its mechanism as an ionophore and its potency against target pathogens.
|
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Maduramicin are conducted in poultry and livestock. In these studies, animals are infected with Eimeria and then treated with Maduramicin, typically in feed. The primary endpoints are the reduction of lesions, prevention of mortality, and improvement in weight gain. These studies are essential for demonstrating its efficacy as a coccidiostat and for determining the optimal dose for veterinary use.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of Maduramicin include its molecular weight of 934.16 g/mol and a molecular formula of C47H83NO17. It is a polyether ionophore with a complex structure. Its ammonium salt form has a molecular weight of 934.16. It is typically administered orally in feed. Specific data on its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in animals are not detailed in the provided sources but are part of its veterinary use.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for Maduramicin are primarily related to its use in veterinary medicine. It is highly toxic to mammals, including humans, and must be used with caution. It is not approved for human use and is strictly regulated as a veterinary drug. Its toxicity is related to its mechanism as an ionophore, which can disrupt ion balance in host cells at high concentrations. Specific toxicity data are not detailed in the provided sources.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
X-14868A is a glycoside. Maduramycin is an antimicrobial drug used in veterinary medicine for the prevention of coccidiosis. It is a natural compound originally isolated from the actinomycete Actinomadura rubra. Cyclosporine has also been reported in Nocardia and Actinomadura yumaensis, with relevant data available.
Maduramicin is a potent ionophore antibiotic used in veterinary medicine to control coccidiosis. Its CAS number is 84878-61-5. It is also known as Cygro and is available as the ammonium salt. It is a polyether compound that disrupts ion balance in protozoa. Its distinct mode of action makes it a valuable tool for studying ion transport and resistance mechanisms. It is not approved for human therapeutic use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C47H83NO17
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
934.1584
|
| Exact Mass |
933.566
|
| CAS # |
84878-61-5
|
| Related CAS # |
Maduramicin;79356-08-4
|
| PubChem CID |
196129
|
| Appearance |
White to light yellow solid powder
|
| Boiling Point |
913.9ºC at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
173-176ºC
|
| Flash Point |
255.5ºC
|
| LogP |
3.358
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
17
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
13
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
64
|
| Complexity |
1610
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
24
|
| SMILES |
C[C@H]1C[C@H]([C@@](O[C@@H]1[C@H]2C[C@@H]([C@@H](O2)[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](O3)[C@@]4(CC[C@@]5(O4)C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O5)[C@@H](C)[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@](O6)(CC(=O)O)O)C)OC)OC)C)O)C)C)O[C@@H]7C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O7)C)OC)OC)(C)O)C
|
| InChi Key |
RWVUEZAROXKXRT-VQLSFVLHSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C47H80O17/c1-23-18-24(2)45(9,51)61-36(23)31-19-32(58-35-20-30(53-10)40(55-12)28(6)57-35)42(59-31)44(8)15-14-33(60-44)43(7)16-17-46(64-43)21-29(48)25(3)37(62-46)26(4)38-41(56-13)39(54-11)27(5)47(52,63-38)22-34(49)50/h23-33,35-42,48,51-52H,14-22H2,1-13H3,(H,49,50)/t23-,24+,25+,26+,27-,28-,29-,30-,31+,32-,33+,35+,36-,37-,38-,39-,40-,41-,42+,43-,44-,45-,46+,47+/m0/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
2-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[(1R)-1-[(2S,5R,7S,8R,9S)-2-[(2R,5S)-5-[(2R,3S,5R)-3-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-4,5-dimethoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3S,5R,6S)-6-hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyloxan-2-yl]oxolan-2-yl]-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]-7-hydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-1,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-9-yl]ethyl]-2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-3-methyloxan-2-yl]acetic acid
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~25 mg/mL (~26.76 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.68 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.0705 mL | 5.3524 mL | 10.7048 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2141 mL | 1.0705 mL | 2.1410 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1070 mL | 0.5352 mL | 1.0705 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
