| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 250mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Aedes aegypti mosquito.xp Parasitol(LD50= 21.95 µg/mL)
Maackiain targets multiple cellular pathways involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and microbial growth. As a phytoalexin, it exhibits antimicrobial activity against various plant pathogens. The compound induces apoptosis and suppresses cell growth in cancer cells, indicating activity against cellular proliferation and survival pathways. Maackiain also shows strong larvicidal activity, suggesting effects on insect physiology. The compound's antimicrobial and anticancer activities are attributed to its ability to interact with cellular targets and disrupt key biological processes. Its phytoalexin function in plants involves the activation of defense responses and the inhibition of pathogen growth. |
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Maackiain exhibits anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis and suppressing cell growth in various cancer cell lines. The compound shows antimicrobial activity against plant pathogens. It also demonstrates strong larvicidal activity with an LC₅₀ of 21.95 ± 1.34 μg/mL. The compound's ability to induce apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation makes it a promising candidate for cancer research. Its antimicrobial and larvicidal activities further highlight its potential as a bioactive natural product. Maackiain's in vitro activities are concentration-dependent, with efficacy observed at various concentrations depending on the assay and target organism.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Maackiain has not been extensively reported in the available literature. As a phytoalexin with antimicrobial and anticancer activities, the compound would be expected to demonstrate efficacy in animal models of infection or cancer. However, detailed in vivo efficacy, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological data are needed to establish its therapeutic potential. The compound's strong larvicidal activity suggests potential applications in pest control. Maackiain is a naturally occurring compound found in various leguminous plants and serves as a valuable tool for studying plant defense mechanisms and natural product pharmacology.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding (non-cellular) assays for Maackiain are not standard pharmacological assays, as the compound is a natural product with multiple biological activities. However, enzyme activity assays may be conducted to investigate its mechanism of action. For antimicrobial activity, assays may measure the inhibition of pathogen growth or the disruption of pathogen cell walls or membranes. For anticancer activity, assays may measure the inhibition of enzymes involved in cell proliferation or apoptosis. The compound's ability to induce apoptosis may be assessed using cell-free assays that measure caspase activation or mitochondrial membrane potential changes. These assays help characterize the compound's biological activities and identify potential molecular targets.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular experiments with Maackiain are performed using various cancer cell lines to assess its anticancer activity. Cells are cultured in appropriate media and treated with varying concentrations of the compound for 24-72 hours. Cell viability and proliferation are assessed using MTT or CellTiter-Glo assays. Apoptosis is evaluated by Annexin V/PI staining and flow cytometry, or by measuring caspase activity using fluorogenic substrates. Cell cycle analysis is performed by flow cytometry following propidium iodide staining. The compound's effects on signaling pathways may be assessed by Western blot analysis. For antimicrobial activity, bacterial or fungal cultures are treated with the compound, and growth inhibition is measured by optical density or colony counting.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with Maackiain have not been extensively reported. For anticancer studies, standard in vivo models include xenografts of human cancer cell lines in immunocompromised mice. Mice are injected with cancer cells via subcutaneous or orthotopic implantation, and after tumor establishment, treated with Maackiain via oral, intraperitoneal, or intravenous administration at various doses and schedules. Efficacy is assessed by measuring tumor volume, weight, and histopathological examination. For antimicrobial studies, animal models of infection may be used. The compound's larvicidal activity may be assessed in insect models. Further studies are needed to establish its in vivo efficacy and safety profile.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism / Metabolites
Maackiain's known human metabolites include (2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(1R,12R)-5,7,11,19-tetraoxapentane[10.8.0.02,10.04,8.013,18]eicos-2,4(8),9,13(18),14,16-hexen-16-yl]oxy]oxacyclohexane-2-carboxylic acid. Pharmacokinetic properties of Maackiain are not extensively characterized. The compound has molecular formula C₁₆H₁₂O₅ and molecular weight 284.26. It appears as colorless needle-like crystals (from methanol). As a small molecule (molecular weight 284.26), it is expected to have reasonable oral bioavailability and tissue distribution. The compound's solubility and stability may be influenced by its phenolic and dioxolane groups. Storage recommendations: store long-term in a cool, dry place. Detailed pharmacokinetic parameters including half-life, clearance, and bioavailability require further investigation from primary research publications. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological information for Maackiain is not extensively detailed in the available literature. As a naturally occurring phytoalexin with antimicrobial and anticancer activities, it should be handled with appropriate safety precautions. Standard safety guidelines for handling research chemicals apply, including use of personal protective equipment (gloves, safety goggles, lab coat), working in a well-ventilated area, and proper chemical waste disposal. The compound is intended for research use only and is not approved for human therapeutic use. Cytotoxicity studies in cell-based assays help establish the therapeutic window and selectivity index of the compound.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
(-)-maackiain is the (-)-enantiomer of maackiain. It is the enantiomer of (+)-maackiain. Maackiain has been reported in Pongamia pinnata var., Pongamia pinnata, Caragana frutex, and other organisms for which data are available. See also: (+)-Maackiain (note moved to).
Maackiain (CAS 19908-48-6) is an antimicrobial compound belonging to the class of phytoalexins, which are antimicrobial compounds produced by plants in response to pathogen attack. The compound has molecular formula C₁₆H₁₂O₅ and molecular weight 284.26. Maackiain exhibits anticancer effects, induces apoptosis, and suppresses cell growth. It also shows strong larvicidal activity with an LC₅₀ of 21.95 ± 1.34 μg/mL. The compound appears as colorless needle-like crystals (from methanol) and is available with purity ≥98%. Maackiain is a naturally occurring compound found in various leguminous plants and serves as a valuable tool for studying plant defense mechanisms, antimicrobial activity, and anticancer properties. Storage: store long-term in a cool, dry place. |
| Molecular Formula |
C16H12O5
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
284.26348
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| Exact Mass |
284.068
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 67.60; H, 4.26; O, 28.14
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| CAS # |
19908-48-6
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| PubChem CID |
91510
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.5±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
436.2±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
217.6±28.7 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.1 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.677
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| LogP |
2.79
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
21
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| Complexity |
416
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
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| SMILES |
C1=CC2=C(C=C1O)OC[C@H]3C4=CC5=C(C=C4O[C@@H]23)OCO5
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| InChi Key |
HUKSJTUUSUGIDC-BDJLRTHQSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C16H12O5/c17-8-1-2-9-12(3-8)18-6-11-10-4-14-15(20-7-19-14)5-13(10)21-16(9)11/h1-5,11,16-17H,6-7H2/t11-,16-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
6H-(1,3)Dioxolo(5,6)benzofuro(3,2-c)(1)benzopyran-3-ol, 6a,12a-dihydro-, cis-(+-)-
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| Synonyms |
Inermin
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~250 mg/mL (~879.48 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.32 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.32 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.32 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.5179 mL | 17.5895 mL | 35.1791 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7036 mL | 3.5179 mL | 7.0358 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3518 mL | 1.7590 mL | 3.5179 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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