| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Maackiain targets multiple cellular proteins and pathways. It inhibits the histamine H1 receptor (H1R) and suppresses IL-4 gene transcription. It inhibits PKCδ activation and activates the caspase-1 pathway. Maackiain also inhibits NF-κB pathway activation, activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, and modulates AMPK/mTOR/autophagy signaling. It functions as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
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| ln Vitro |
Maackiain inhibits proliferation, arrests cell cycle, and induces apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE1 and CNE2 cells. It suppresses cervical cancer development via AMPK-mediated autophagy activation. Maackiain shows anti-endometrial cancer effects and induces apoptosis and autophagy via ROS-mediated ER stress. It also exhibits antifungal activity against several fungal pathogens.
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| ln Vivo |
Maackiain significantly suppresses xenograft tumor growth in mouse models of cervical cancer and endometrial cancer while exhibiting low toxicity. It enhances the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and exhibits immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. The compound has demonstrated potential in chemoprevention of oral cancer in mice.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Maackiain binding to histamine H1 receptor is assessed using radioligand binding assays with membrane preparations from cells expressing the receptor. Tyrosine kinase inhibition is measured using kinase activity assays with recombinant kinases and peptide substrates. NF-κB pathway modulation is evaluated by measuring p65 DNA-binding activity via ELISA.
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| Cell Assay |
NPC CNE1 and CNE2 cells, cervical cancer cells, or endometrial cancer cells are treated with Maackiain at various concentrations (typically 0-100 µM). Cell proliferation is assessed by CCK-8 or MTT assays. Apoptosis is evaluated by Annexin V/PI staining and caspase-3/7 activity. Autophagy is assessed by LC3-II/I ratio and p62 levels via Western blot.
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| Animal Protocol |
Maackiain is evaluated in mouse xenograft models of cervical cancer or endometrial cancer. Tumor-bearing mice are treated with Maackiain via oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection. Tumor growth inhibition, body weight, and survival are monitored. Tumor tissues are analyzed for proliferation markers, apoptosis, and pathway modulation.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism / Metabolites
Maackiain's known human metabolites include (2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(1R,12R)-5,7,11,19-tetraoxapentane[10.8.0.02,10.04,8.013,18]eicos-2,4(8),9,13(18),14,16-hexen-16-yl]oxy]oxacyclohexane-2-carboxylic acid. Maackiain has molecular weight 284.26 and formula C16H12O5. Pharmacokinetic studies indicate that Maackiain possesses low bioavailability and absorption with a rapid rate of elimination. However, absorption rates are significantly higher when administered as part of an extract compared to pure forms, likely due to enhanced solubility and reduced metabolism. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Maackiain is non-toxic to the majority of normal cells and exhibits selective cytotoxicity towards cancer cells. In xenograft models, Maackiain demonstrates low toxicity at therapeutic doses. The compound has been reported to reduce Aβ(42)-induced neurotoxicity and apoptosis in PC12 cells. Comprehensive toxicity profiling is available in recent review literature.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
(-)-maackiain is the (-)-enantiomer of maackiain. It is the enantiomer of (+)-maackiain. Maackiain has been reported in Pongamia pinnata var., Pongamia pinnata, Caragana frutex, and other organisms for which data are available. See also: (+)-Maackiain (note moved to).
Maackiain is emerging as a drug candidate for allergic diseases, inflammation, obesity, and depression. Its anti-allergic mechanism involves suppression of histamine H1 receptor gene upregulation. The compound activates the caspase-1 pathway and promotes IL-1β production while inhibiting NF-κB activation. No clinical trials or approved therapeutic indications exist for this compound. |
| Molecular Formula |
C16H12O5
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
284.267
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| Exact Mass |
284.068
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| CAS # |
2035-15-6
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| PubChem CID |
91510
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| Appearance |
White to light yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.5±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
436.2±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
217.6±28.7 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.1 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.677
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| LogP |
2.79
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
21
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| Complexity |
416
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
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| SMILES |
C1[C@@H]2[C@H](C3=C(O1)C=C(C=C3)O)OC4=CC5=C(C=C24)OCO5
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| InChi Key |
HUKSJTUUSUGIDC-ZBEGNZNMSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C16H12O5/c17-8-1-2-9-12(3-8)18-6-11-10-4-14-15(20-7-19-14)5-13(10)21-16(9)11/h1-5,11,16-17H,6-7H2/t11-,16-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(1R,12R)-5,7,11,19-tetraoxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,10.04,8.013,18]icosa-2,4(8),9,13(18),14,16-hexaen-16-ol
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| Synonyms |
Inermine; Maackiain
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~351.79 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.79 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.79 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.79 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.5178 mL | 17.5889 mL | 35.1778 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7036 mL | 3.5178 mL | 7.0356 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3518 mL | 1.7589 mL | 3.5178 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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