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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
- Neurite outgrowth promotion in hippocampal neuronal cells: m-Coumaric acid significantly induced neurite outgrowth in primary cultured rat hippocampal neuronal cells in a concentration-dependent manner. At a concentration of 10 μM, the average length of neurites was increased by 32% compared to the control group (without m-Coumaric acid). When the concentration was elevated to 100 μM, the average neurite length was further increased by 58%, and the number of neurites per neuron was also increased by 45% compared to the control. This effect was comparable to that of chlorogenic acid (the parent compound of m-Coumaric acid) at the same concentration [1]
- No cytotoxicity at active concentrations: When m-Coumaric acid was used at concentrations ranging from 1 μM to 100 μM (the range tested for neurite outgrowth activity), the viability of hippocampal neuronal cells (detected by MTT assay) remained above 90% of the control group, indicating no significant cytotoxicity [1] |
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| Cell Assay |
- Primary hippocampal neuron culture and neurite outgrowth assay: Hippocampi were isolated from 1-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats and digested with trypsin for 15 min at 37°C. The digested tissue was gently triturated to prepare a single-cell suspension, which was then seeded into poly-L-lysine-coated 24-well plates at a density of 5×10⁴ cells per well. The cells were cultured in Neurobasal medium supplemented with B27, glutamine, and penicillin-streptomycin at 37°C in a 5% CO₂ incubator. After 24 h of initial culture, m-Coumaric acid (dissolved in DMSO, final DMSO concentration < 0.1%) was added to the culture medium at final concentrations of 1 μM, 10 μM, and 100 μM; the control group received the same volume of DMSO. After further culture for 48 h, the cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 min, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 for 10 min, and then stained with anti-β-tubulin III antibody (a specific marker for neurons) followed by a fluorescent secondary antibody. The stained cells were observed under a fluorescence microscope, and images were captured. The length of neurites and the number of neurites per neuron were quantified using image analysis software [1]
- Cell viability assay (MTT assay): Hippocampal neuronal cells were seeded into 96-well plates at a density of 1×10⁴ cells per well and cultured under the same conditions as above. After treatment with m-Coumaric acid (1 μM–100 μM) for 48 h, 20 μL of MTT solution (5 mg/mL) was added to each well, and the cells were incubated for another 4 h at 37°C. The culture medium was then removed, and 150 μL of DMSO was added to each well to dissolve the formazan crystals. The absorbance at 570 nm was measured using a microplate reader, and cell viability was calculated as the percentage of absorbance in the treatment group relative to the control group [1] |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
3-Coumaric acid is a monohydroxycinnamic acid with a hydroxyl substituent located at the C-3 position of the benzene ring. It is a heterologous metabolite in both humans and plants. It is the conjugate acid of 3-coumaric acid esters. 3-Hydroxycinnamic acid is a metabolite found or produced in Escherichia coli (K12 strain, MG1655 strain). It has been reported to exist in Balanophora tobiracola, Rubus idaeus, and several other organisms with relevant data. See also: Sweet potato leaves (partial). Metabolic source: metacoumaric acid is a major metabolite of chlorogenic acid (a polyphenol widely found in plants). In vivo, chlorogenic acid is hydrolyzed by esterases to release mesocoumaric acid, which can cross the blood-brain barrier and exert biological effects on neurons[1]
- Potential mechanism speculation: The role of mesocoumaric acid in promoting neurite growth may be related to the activation of intracellular signaling pathways involved in neuronal differentiation (e.g., cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein CREB), but this study did not verify the specific signaling molecules and detailed mechanisms[1] - Biological significance: The ability of mesocoumaric acid to promote hippocampal neuronal neurite growth suggests that it may play a role in maintaining neuronal function and repairing damaged neurons, which may provide a basis for the development of drugs to treat neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease)[1] |
| Molecular Formula |
C9H8O3
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
164.15802
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| Exact Mass |
164.047
|
| CAS # |
588-30-7
|
| Related CAS # |
(E)-m-Coumaric acid;14755-02-3;m-Coumaric acid-13C3;1261170-79-9
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| PubChem CID |
637541
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
373.2±25.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
193-195ºC(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
193.7±19.7 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.9 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.660
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| LogP |
1.83
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
12
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| Complexity |
186
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
C1=CC(=CC(=C1)O)/C=C/C(=O)O
|
| InChi Key |
KKSDGJDHHZEWEP-SNAWJCMRSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H8O3/c10-8-3-1-2-7(6-8)4-5-9(11)12/h1-6,10H,(H,11,12)/b5-4+
|
| Chemical Name |
(E)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~250 mg/mL (~1522.90 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (12.67 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (12.67 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (12.67 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.0916 mL | 30.4581 mL | 60.9162 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.2183 mL | 6.0916 mL | 12.1832 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6092 mL | 3.0458 mL | 6.0916 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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