loganic acid demonstrated remarkable antioxidant activity in cell-free radical scavenging assays. It scavenged DPPH radicals with an IC50 value of 149 μg/mL. It scavenged superoxide radicals with an IC50 value of 632.43 μg/mL. It scavenged hydroxyl radicals with an IC50 value of 29.78 μg/mL, which was comparable to the standard eugenol (IC50 = 30.94 μg/mL). [2]
- In a human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) model of heavy metal toxicity, loganic acid exhibited a cytoprotective effect. At a high concentration of 100 μg/mL, loganic acid provided 88.56% protection to PBMCs exposed to mercuric chloride (HgCl2). At lower concentrations (0.04, 0.09, 0.19, 0.39, 0.78 μg/mL), the level of cytoprotection was equal to that of the standard eugenol. [2]
- loganic acid (at 100 μg/mL) inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in HgCl2-exposed PBMCs. The fluorescent intensity, a measure of ROS, was reduced to 2046 Arbitrary Units (AU) in cells treated with loganic acid, compared to 5264 AU in the HgCl2-only control group. The control group (untreated cells) showed 1932 AU. [2]
- loganic acid (at 41.67 μg/mL) significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation in PBMCs exposed to HgCl2. The malondialdehyde (MDA) formation was reduced to 0.84 nmol, representing a 95.01% inhibition, compared to 16.84 nmol in the HgCl2-only exposed cells. The standard eugenol (41.67 μg/mL) showed only 39.51% inhibition (MDA formation of 12.13 nmol) in this assay. [2]

Isolation of PBMCs and MTT Cytotoxicity/Cytoprotection Assay: Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from intravenous blood using a density gradient centrifugation method. The cell suspension was added to a 96-well microplate. For the mercury-exposed group, various concentrations of mercuric chloride (ranging from 0.04 to 100 μg/mL) were added to the PBMCs. For the loganic acid-treated group, various concentrations of the compound (ranging from 0.04 to 100 μg/mL) were added to PBMCs containing 67.56 μg/mL of HgCl2. A control group contained only PBMCs. After 24 hours of incubation, MTT solution was added and incubated for 4 hours. The formazan crystals formed were dissolved, and the plate was read at 595 nm to calculate cell viability percentage. [2]
- ROS Generation Assay: The effect of loganic acid on intracellular ROS generation was measured using a DCFH2-DA dye. PBMCs in medium were placed in a 6-well plate. Groups included a mercury-exposed group (with HgCl2), a loganic acid-treated group (with both loganic acid at 100 μg/mL and HgCl2), and a control group (cells only). After 24 hours of incubation, the cells were collected, washed, and incubated with DCFH2-DA in the dark. For observation, cells were placed on a slide and examined under a fluorescence microscope. For quantification, the same procedure was carried out in a 24-well plate, and the fluorescence intensity was measured using a spectrofluorometer with excitation and emission wavelengths of 485 nm and 520 nm, respectively. Results were expressed in arbitrary units (AU). [2]
- Lipid Peroxidation Assay (TBARS): Inhibition of lipid peroxidation by loganic acid was determined by the TBARS assay. Isolated PBMCs were mixed with HgCl2 for the mercury-exposed group. For the loganic acid-treated group, cells exposed to HgCl2 were treated with 41.67 μg/mL of loganic acid. A eugenol-treated group (41.67 μg/mL) was used for comparison. After incubation, the cells were recovered, dissolved in PBS, and homogenized. The cell lysate was then mixed with TBA and TCA, heated, and cooled. The absorbance was measured at 532 nm, and the MDA content was calculated and expressed in nanomolar (nM) concentration. [2]

[1]. Loganic acid and anthocyanins from cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruits modulate diet-induced atherosclerosis and redox status in rabbits. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2018 Nov;27(11):1505-1513.

[2]. Antioxidant and cytoprotective properties of loganic acid isolated from seeds of Strychnos potatorum L. against heavy metal induced toxicity in PBMC model. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2019 Oct 23:1-11.

Loga acid is a cyclopentanopyran compound with the structure 1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopentano[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid, where positions 1, 6, and 7 are substituted with β-D-glucose, hydroxyl, and methyl groups, respectively. It is a plant metabolite. Loga acid is a cyclopentanopyran compound, and also an α,β-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid and glycoside. It is the conjugate acid of loga acid. Loga acid has been reported to exist in Gentiana macrophylla, Gentiana thunbergii, and other organisms with relevant data.

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loganic acid (C16H24O10) is a monoterpenoid compound belonging to the iridoid group of terpenes. In this study, it was isolated from the seeds of Strychnos potatorum L. for the first time using an in vitro assay-guided fractionation method. [2]
- The mechanism of action for its antioxidant activity is proposed to be the donation of protons, particularly due to the presence of hydroxyl groups including an o-dihydroxy group in its structure, which reduces free radicals like DPPH to their non-radical form. [2]
- loganic acid is a known precursor for the production of major indole alkaloids in plants such as Strychnos nux-vomica and Cantharanthus roseus. [2]
- The authors suggest that after conducting animal studies, loganic acid could be explored as a therapeutic agent to prevent heavy metal-mediated toxicity. [2]

C16H24O10

376.35

376.136

C, 51.06; H, 6.43; O, 42.51

22255-40-9

89640

White to yellow solid powder

1.6±0.1 g/cm3

646.3±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg

235.6±25.0 °C

0.0±4.4 mmHg at 25°C

1.634

-2.49

6

10

4

26

565

10

O([C@@]1([H])[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])([C@@]([H])([C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])O[H])O1)O[H])O[H])O[H])[C@@]1([H])[C@]2([H])[C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])[H])[C@]([H])(C([H])([H])[C@]2([H])C(C(=O)O[H])=C([H])O1)O[H]

JNNGEAWILNVFFD-CDJYTOATSA-N

InChI=1S/C16H24O10/c1-5-8(18)2-6-7(14(22)23)4-24-15(10(5)6)26-16-13(21)12(20)11(19)9(3-17)25-16/h4-6,8-13,15-21H,2-3H2,1H3,(H,22,23)/t5-,6+,8-,9+,10+,11+,12-,13+,15-,16-/m0/s1

(1S,4aS,6S,7R,7aS)-6-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid

Loganin Acid; Loganate; Loganic acid

2934.99.03.00

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage.

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO : ~50 mg/mL (~132.85 mM)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.64 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.64 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.64 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)