| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Lithospermic acid targets multiple pathways involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and viral replication. It is a competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, an enzyme that generates reactive oxygen species, with an IC50 of 5.2 μg/mL. The compound directly scavenges superoxide and inhibits superoxide production. Lithospermic acid exhibits antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH radicals. It also has anti-inflammatory effects and hepatoprotective activity against CCl4-induced acute liver injury. Lithospermic acid shows anti-gonadotrophic and anti-thyroidal effects.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, lithospermic acid inhibits xanthine oxidase with an IC50 of 5.2 μg/mL and scavenges DPPH radicals. It directly scavenges superoxide and inhibits superoxide production. The compound exhibits antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity. Lithospermic acid also shows anti-HIV activity and has anti-inflammatory effects. Its ability to inhibit xanthine oxidase and scavenge reactive oxygen species has been confirmed in cell-free assays. These in vitro studies confirm the diverse biological activities of lithospermic acid.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, lithospermic acid demonstrates hypouricemic actions and hepatoprotective effects against CCl4-induced acute liver injury. The compound's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities have been observed in vivo. Lithospermic acid has been studied for its potential in treating conditions associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. However, specific in vivo experimental details are limited in the available literature. The compound's anti-HIV activity suggests potential for antiviral applications.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for lithospermic acid include xanthine oxidase inhibition assays. The enzyme is incubated with xanthine substrate and varying concentrations of lithospermic acid, and the rate of uric acid production is measured spectrophotometrically. The IC50 for inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity is determined from dose-response curves. The compound's antioxidant activity can be assessed using DPPH radical scavenging assays. These assays confirm the compound's mechanism of action as a xanthine oxidase inhibitor and antioxidant.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for lithospermic acid are performed using various cell types, including hepatocytes and immune cells. Cells are treated with lithospermic acid and exposed to oxidative stress or inflammatory stimuli. Reactive oxygen species production is measured using fluorescent dyes. Inflammatory cytokine expression is assessed by ELISA or quantitative PCR. Cell viability is evaluated using MTT assays. The compound's hepatoprotective effects are assessed in models of CCl4-induced liver injury in vitro.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for lithospermic acid are conducted in rodent models of liver injury. Mice or rats are administered lithospermic acid prior to or following CCl4 challenge, and serum markers of liver function (e.g., ALT, AST) are measured. Oxidative stress markers and histopathological assessment of liver tissue are also evaluated. The compound's hypouricemic actions can be assessed in animal models of hyperuricemia. These studies confirm the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of lithospermic acid in vivo.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Lithospermic acid has a molecular weight of 538.46 g/mol and a molecular formula of C27H22O12. The compound is a polyphenolic carboxylic acid. Detailed pharmacokinetic properties such as bioavailability, half-life, and tissue distribution have not been extensively reported. As a natural polyphenol, lithospermic acid may have limited oral bioavailability and may undergo extensive metabolism. Further pharmacokinetic studies would be necessary to support its development as a therapeutic agent.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Lithospermic acid has been evaluated in preclinical studies and has been reported to be well-tolerated at effective doses. No significant toxicity has been reported in the available literature. As a natural product derived from plants used in traditional medicine, lithospermic acid is generally considered to have a favorable safety profile. However, comprehensive toxicology studies would be necessary to fully assess its safety for clinical development.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
It has been reported that 4-(3-(1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy)-3-oxo-1-propenyl)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-7-hydroxy-3-benzofuran carboxylic acid is found in Salvia miltiorrhiza, oregano, and other organisms with relevant data. See also: Lithospermum erythrorhizon root (partial); Lithospermum erythrorhizon leaf (partial); Salvia miltiorrhiza root (partial).
Lithospermic acid is a naturally occurring polyphenolic carboxylic acid isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza and other plants. It exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and anti-HIV activities. Lithospermic acid is a competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (IC50 = 5.2 μg/mL) and directly scavenges superoxide. It shows anti-gonadotrophic and anti-thyroidal effects. Lithospermic acid is a research compound with potential applications in oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver diseases. |
| Molecular Formula |
C27H22O12
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
538.4564
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| Exact Mass |
538.111
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| CAS # |
28831-65-4
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| PubChem CID |
6441498
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| Appearance |
Off-white to light yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.6±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
862.6±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
291.3±27.8 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.3 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.745
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| LogP |
1.45
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
7
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
12
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
9
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| Heavy Atom Count |
39
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| Complexity |
922
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
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| SMILES |
O1C2=C(C([H])=C([H])C(/C(/[H])=C(\[H])/C(=O)O[C@@]([H])(C(=O)O[H])C([H])([H])C3C([H])=C([H])C(=C(C=3[H])O[H])O[H])=C2C([H])(C(=O)O[H])C1([H])C1C([H])=C([H])C(=C(C=1[H])O[H])O[H])O[H]
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| InChi Key |
UJZQBMQZMKFSRV-RGKBJLTCSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C27H22O12/c28-15-5-1-12(9-18(15)31)10-20(26(34)35)38-21(33)8-4-13-2-7-17(30)25-22(13)23(27(36)37)24(39-25)14-3-6-16(29)19(32)11-14/h1-9,11,20,23-24,28-32H,10H2,(H,34,35)(H,36,37)/b8-4+/t20-,23+,24-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S,3S)-4-[(E)-3-[(1R)-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-carboxylic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~110 mg/mL (~204.29 mM)
H2O : ~66.67 mg/mL (~123.82 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (5.11 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 27.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (5.11 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 27.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (5.11 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 100 mg/mL (185.71 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.8571 mL | 9.2857 mL | 18.5715 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3714 mL | 1.8571 mL | 3.7143 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1857 mL | 0.9286 mL | 1.8571 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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