| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary target of Lipoamide is the mitochondrial dehydrogenase complexes. As a coenzyme, lipoamide is covalently bound to the enzyme and participates in the transfer of acyl groups and electrons. It also acts as a potent antioxidant, scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and regenerating other antioxidants, such as glutathione and vitamin C.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, lipoamide has been shown to be a potent antioxidant. It scavenges ROS and reduces oxidative stress in various cell types. It also enhances the activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenase complexes. In cell-based assays, lipoamide protects cells from oxidative damage and improves mitochondrial function.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, lipoamide has been studied for its potential therapeutic applications. It has been shown to have beneficial effects in animal models of diabetes, neuropathy, and neurodegenerative diseases. The compound is also used as a dietary supplement.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme or receptor binding (non-cell) assays for lipoamide involve measuring its antioxidant activity using cell-free assays such as DPPH radical scavenging or ABTS radical scavenging assays. Its ability to enhance the activity of dehydrogenase complexes can be measured using enzymatic assays with purified enzymes.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for lipoamide are performed using various cell lines. Cells are treated with the compound, and oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and cell viability are assessed. The compound's effects on antioxidant gene expression and enzyme activity are also measured.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for lipoamide are conducted using rodent models of diabetes, neuropathy, and neurodegenerative diseases. The compound is administered orally or intraperitoneally, and its effects on disease pathology and oxidative stress are assessed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of lipoamide indicate that it is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The compound has a molecular weight of 207.31 and a molecular formula of C8H15NOS2. It is a solid at room temperature. It is metabolized in the liver and excreted renally. The compound can be stored at -20°C.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicology (toxicology) data for lipoamide indicate that it is generally well-tolerated. Common side effects may include mild gastrointestinal disturbances. The compound has a favorable safety profile, with no significant toxicity reported at therapeutic doses.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Lipoic acid amide is a monocarboxylic acid amide formed by the condensation of the carboxyl group of lipoic acid with ammonia. It is found in humans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, and mice as a metabolite. It belongs to the dithiocyclopentane class of monocarboxylic acid amides and is functionally related to lipoic acid. Lipoic acid amide is a metabolite found or produced in Escherichia coli (K12 strain, MG1655 strain). It has been reported to exist in humans, Apis cerevisiae, and other organisms with relevant data. Lipoic acid amide is a metabolite found or produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Other information: Lipoamide is the amide derivative of lipoic acid, a coenzyme involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism. It is also known as DL-α-Lipoamide. The compound is a potent antioxidant used in research. Its CAS number is 940-69-2. |
| Molecular Formula |
C8H15NOS2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
205.33
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| Exact Mass |
205.06
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| CAS # |
940-69-2
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| PubChem CID |
863
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.169 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
399.2ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
127-129ºC(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
195.2ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.562
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| LogP |
2.886
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
12
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| Complexity |
152
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
FCCDDURTIIUXBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H15NOS2/c9-8(10)4-2-1-3-7-5-6-11-12-7/h7H,1-6H2,(H2,9,10)
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| Chemical Name |
5-(dithiolan-3-yl)pentanamide
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| Synonyms |
NSC 90787; Lipoacin; Lipoamide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product is not stable in solution, please use freshly prepared working solution for optimal results. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ≥ 50 mg/mL (~243.50 mM)
H2O : ~0.67 mg/mL (~3.26 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.38 mg/mL (11.59 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 23.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (10.13 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (10.13 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.8702 mL | 24.3510 mL | 48.7021 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9740 mL | 4.8702 mL | 9.7404 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4870 mL | 2.4351 mL | 4.8702 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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