| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Levoglucose does not have a specific therapeutic target. As the L-isomer of glucose, it is not metabolized by mammalian cells in the same way as D-glucose because it cannot be phosphorylated by hexokinase. This property makes it useful as a non-metabolizable sugar for studying glucose transport and metabolism. It is used as a diagnostic aid and in research applications studying glucose uptake and metabolism in cells and tissues.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, levoglucose is used as a non-metabolizable glucose analog to study glucose transport mechanisms. It is taken up by glucose transporters but is not metabolized, allowing researchers to measure glucose uptake without the confounding effects of metabolism. The compound is also used as a reference standard in analytical chemistry for the quantification of sugars. Detailed biological activity data for levoglucose are not extensively reported.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, levoglucose is used as a diagnostic aid and in research studies. It has been used for cancer cell visualization and in studies of memory enhancement in mice. As the L-isomer of glucose, it is not metabolized and is excreted unchanged. Its in vivo applications are primarily related to its use as a tracer or diagnostic agent.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cell-based assays for levoglucose are not typical, as it is primarily used as a reference standard and research tool. However, its purity and identity can be assessed using analytical techniques such as HPLC, GC, and polarimetry. As a reference standard, it is used in method development and validation for sugar quantification in biological and food samples.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for levoglucose are performed using various cell lines to study glucose transport. Cells are incubated with levoglucose at various concentrations and times, and its uptake is measured using HPLC or radiolabeled tracers. The compound's ability to compete with D-glucose for uptake can be assessed to characterize glucose transporter specificity and kinetics.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal models for levoglucose include studies in mice to assess its effects on memory enhancement. The compound is administered via appropriate routes, and cognitive performance is assessed using behavioral tests. Its use as a diagnostic aid for cancer cell visualization involves administration of the compound followed by imaging techniques to detect its distribution.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Levoglucose has a molecular weight of 180.16 g/mol and a molecular formula of C₆H₁₂O₆. CAS number is 921-60-8. Appearance is a crystalline solid. Purity is ≥95%. Storage conditions: -20°C. Stability: 2 years from the QC date when stored properly. The compound is supplied for research use only.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Levoglucose is generally considered safe for research use. As a non-metabolizable sugar, it has a low toxicity profile. The compound is for research use only and is not for human consumption. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Aldehyde-L-glucose is the L-enantiomer of aldehyde-glucose. It is both L-glucose and aldehyde-glucose. It is the enantiomer of aldehyde-D-glucose.
See also: L-glucose (note moved to). Levoglucose is also known as L-(-)-Glucose, L-Glucopyranose, and FM 602. It is the L-isomer of glucose and is the enantiomer of D-glucose. The compound cannot be directly utilized by cells for energy and is used as a diagnostic aid, for cancer cell visualization, and in studies of memory enhancement in mice. Levoglucose is used in research applications studying glucose transport, metabolism, and as a reference standard. It is for research use only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C6H12O6
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
180.156
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| Exact Mass |
180.063
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| CAS # |
921-60-8
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| Related CAS # |
L-Glucose-13C;478519-02-7;L-Glucose-13C-1;478519-05-0;L-Glucose-13C-2
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| PubChem CID |
10954115
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.6±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
527.1±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
153-156ºC(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
286.7±26.6 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±3.1 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.573
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| LogP |
-3.17
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
12
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| Complexity |
138
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
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| SMILES |
C([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](C=O)O)O)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-VANKVMQKSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h1,3-6,8-12H,2H2/t3-,4+,5+,6+/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal
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| Synonyms |
FM602; FM 602; FM-602
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~50 mg/mL (~277.53 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.88 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.88 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.88 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.5506 mL | 27.7531 mL | 55.5062 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1101 mL | 5.5506 mL | 11.1012 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5551 mL | 2.7753 mL | 5.5506 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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