| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500mg |
|
||
| 1g |
|
| Targets |
Levocarnitine chloride targets the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway by facilitating the transport of long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs across the inner mitochondrial membrane. It acts as a carrier molecule for fatty acids, enabling their entry into the mitochondria where they are broken down to produce energy. It also displays antioxidant activity. Its primary role is in energy metabolism.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Levocarnitine chloride facilitates the transport of long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs into mitochondria for subsequent degradation via β-oxidation. It displays antioxidant activity and can mitigate metabolic imbalances associated with numerous inborn errors of metabolism. It is an essential co-factor for mitochondrial β-oxidation.
|
| ln Vivo |
In this chronic mouse asthma model, L-carnitine hydrochloride ((R)-Carnitine hydrochloride) (125, 250 mg/kg; ip) had more substantial bronchodilation and lower urinary LTE4 excretion [2].
Levocarnitine chloride has been shown to improve the metabolic imbalance of many inborn errors of metabolism in vivo. Its antioxidant properties have been demonstrated in various preclinical models. It is used as a dietary supplement and therapeutic agent to support energy metabolism and treat carnitine deficiency. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro assays for Levocarnitine chloride are not typical, as its mechanism involves metabolic pathways rather than direct enzyme inhibition. However, its effects on fatty acid oxidation can be measured in isolated mitochondria or cell cultures by monitoring the oxidation of radiolabeled fatty acids. Its antioxidant activity can be assessed by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in cell-based assays.
|
| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for Levocarnitine chloride involve treating cells with the compound and measuring fatty acid oxidation, ATP production, and ROS levels. Its effects on cell viability and metabolism can be assessed in various cell types, including muscle and liver cells. Its role in mitochondrial function is studied by measuring oxygen consumption and membrane potential.
|
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: 8- to 10-weeks-old and weighed 28-30g balb/c (Bagg ALBino) mouse[2]
Doses: 125, 250 mg/kg Route of Administration: ip Experimental Results: SaO2 increased Dramatically at 250 mg/kg and diminished urinaryLTE4 excretion. In vivo animal models for Levocarnitine chloride include models of carnitine deficiency, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Animals are treated with the compound, and parameters such as fatty acid oxidation, energy metabolism, and oxidative stress are measured. Its efficacy in improving metabolic function has been demonstrated in these models. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Levocarnitine chloride is well-absorbed after oral administration and is distributed to tissues, particularly skeletal muscle and heart, where it is present in relatively high concentrations. It is not extensively metabolized and is excreted primarily in urine as unchanged drug and metabolites. Its half-life is approximately 3-4 hours.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Levocarnitine chloride is generally well-tolerated. Common side effects include gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. High doses may cause a fishy body odor. It is considered safe for use as a dietary supplement and therapeutic agent. Its safety in pregnancy and lactation has not been fully established.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Levocarnitine chloride is the hydrochloride salt of L-carnitine, an essential co-factor for mitochondrial β-oxidation. It transports long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs into mitochondria for energy production. It is an antioxidant and can improve metabolic imbalances. It is used as a dietary supplement and therapeutic agent for carnitine deficiency and metabolic disorders.
|
| Molecular Formula |
C7H16CLNO3
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
197.65
|
| Exact Mass |
197.081
|
| CAS # |
6645-46-1
|
| PubChem CID |
656657
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Melting Point |
142 °C
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
12
|
| Complexity |
139
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
|
| SMILES |
C[N+](C)(C)C[C@@H](CC(=O)O)O.[Cl-]
|
| InChi Key |
JXXCENBLGFBQJM-FYZOBXCZSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C7H15NO3.ClH/c1-8(2,3)5-6(9)4-7(10)11;/h6,9H,4-5H2,1-3H3;1H/t6-;/m1./s1
|
| Chemical Name |
[(2R)-3-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl]-trimethylazanium;chloride
|
| Synonyms |
L-Carnitine chloride; (R)-Carnitine hydrochloride; Levocarnitine chloride
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~250 mg/mL (~1264.80 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 50 mg/mL (252.96 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.0594 mL | 25.2972 mL | 50.5945 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0119 mL | 5.0594 mL | 10.1189 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5059 mL | 2.5297 mL | 5.0594 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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