| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Various targets including inflammatory and angiogenic pathways. Levistilide A has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and modulating NF-κB signaling. It also exhibits anti-angiogenic activity by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced endothelial cell proliferation and migration.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Levistilide A demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity in vitro by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated macrophages. It also inhibits VEGF-induced endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation, indicating anti-angiogenic activity. The compound has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in neuronal cell cultures.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Levistilide A has been studied in animal models of inflammation, angiogenesis, and neurological disorders. The compound has demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in models of acute and chronic inflammation. Its anti-angiogenic activity has been evaluated in models of tumor growth and ocular neovascularization. Neuroprotective effects have been observed in models of cerebral ischemia.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro assays for Levistilide A typically involve measuring its effects on inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Cells are treated with Levistilide A at varying concentrations, and cytokine production is measured by ELISA. NF-κB activation is assessed by measuring IκBα phosphorylation and NF-κB DNA binding. Anti-angiogenic activity is assessed using endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation assays.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for Levistilide A involve culturing macrophages, endothelial cells, or neuronal cells. Macrophages are stimulated with LPS and treated with Levistilide A. Cytokine production is measured by ELISA. Endothelial cells are treated with VEGF and Levistilide A, and proliferation, migration, and tube formation are assessed. Neuronal cells are treated with Levistilide A and assessed for viability and protection against oxidative stress.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Levistilide A have been conducted in mouse models of inflammation, tumor growth, and cerebral ischemia. The compound is typically administered orally or intraperitoneally. Inflammatory markers, tumor growth, and neurological outcomes are assessed. Dosing regimens vary depending on the study objectives.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Levistilide A has a molecular weight of 380.48 and a molecular formula of C24H28O4. It is a naturally occurring phthalide dimer isolated from Angelica sinensis and Ligusticum chuanxiong. The compound is soluble in DMSO and other organic solvents. Detailed pharmacokinetic parameters are not extensively documented in publicly available sources.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Levistilide A is generally considered safe at research-relevant doses. Comprehensive toxicological data are limited. The compound is a natural product and is not known to be highly toxic. It is intended for research use only and is not approved for human therapeutic applications. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be taken when handling the compound.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
(Z)-6,6',7,3'a-dihydropyridine lactone is a butenolactone. It is a metabolite. L-lactone A has been reported in Ligusticum chuanxiong, Angelica sinensis, and other organisms with relevant data. See also: Angelica sinensis root oil (partial).
Levistilide A is a naturally occurring phthalide dimer from Angelica sinensis and Ligusticum chuanxiong with anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and neuroprotective activities. It inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine production and VEGF-induced endothelial cell activation. The compound is not approved for clinical use and is available for research purposes only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C24H28O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
380.4767
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| Exact Mass |
380.198
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| CAS # |
88182-33-6
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| PubChem CID |
70698035
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
623.8±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
325.7±29.9 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.8 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.596
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| LogP |
5.11
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
28
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| Complexity |
871
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
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| SMILES |
CCC/C=C\1/C2=C([C@H]3[C@@H](CC2)[C@@H]4CC[C@@]3\5C(=C4)C(=O)O/C5=C\CCC)C(=O)O1
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| InChi Key |
UBBRXVRQZJSDAK-ZJHGLIIDSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C24H28O4/c1-3-5-7-18-16-10-9-15-14-11-12-24(21(15)20(16)23(26)27-18)17(13-14)22(25)28-19(24)8-6-4-2/h7-8,13-15,21H,3-6,9-12H2,1-2H3/b18-7-,19-8-/t14-,15+,21-,24+/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(1S,2S,6Z,10S,11S,16Z)-6,16-di(butylidene)-5,15-dioxapentacyclo[9.5.2.01,13.02,10.03,7]octadeca-3(7),12-diene-4,14-dione
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~262.83 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 2.5 mg/mL (6.57 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with sonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.57 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: 3.33 mg/mL (8.75 mM) in 0.5% CMC/saline water (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.6283 mL | 13.1413 mL | 26.2826 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5257 mL | 2.6283 mL | 5.2565 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2628 mL | 1.3141 mL | 2.6283 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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