| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50mg |
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
The time to peak concentration (Tmax) of oral levamlodipine is 6–12 hours, and its bioavailability is 64–90%. Food has no significant effect on the absorption of levamlodipine. The peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of 20 mg oral amlodipine besylate was 6.13 ± 1.29 ng/mL, the time to peak concentration (Tmax) was 8.4 ± 3.6 hours, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 351 ± 72 hng/mL. After oral administration of 20 mg S-amlodipine maleate, the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) was 5.07 ± 1.09 ng/mL, the time to peak concentration (Tmax) was 10.7 ± 3.4 h, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 330 ± 88 hng/mL. 60% of levamlodipine is excreted in the urine, of which 10% is excreted as unmetabolized drug. The volume of distribution of levamlodipine is similar to that of amlodipine. The volume of distribution of amlodipine is 21 L/kg. The oral clearance of S-amlodipine besylate is 6.9 ± 1.6 mL/min/kg, and the oral clearance of S-amlodipine maleate is 7.3 ± 2.1 mL/min/kg. Metabolism/Metabolites90% of levamlodipine is metabolized to inactive metabolites. Experiments with incubation with liver microsomes show that this metabolism is mainly mediated by CYP3A4. The dehydrogenation of levamlodipine to pyridine metabolites (M9) is the most important metabolic pathway in human liver microsomes. This derivative can undergo further oxidative deamination or O-dealkylation, but does not appear to undergo O-demethylation like racemic amlodipine. Biological Half-LifeThe half-life of levamlodipine is 30–50 hours. |
|---|---|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Protein Binding
Levoamlodipine has a protein binding rate of 93% in plasma, primarily binding to human serum albumin. |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
(S)-Amlodipine is the (4S)-enantiomer of amlodipine and also the enantiomer of (R)-amlodipine. Levoamlodipine, also known as S-amlodipine, is the pharmacologically active enantiomer of the antihypertensive drug amlodipine. Levoamlodipine belongs to the dihydropyridine class of calcium channel blockers. This drug was initially marketed in Russia and India and later approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The names S-amlodipine and levamlodipine are used interchangeably as they refer to the same substance. Amlodipine, as a racemic mixture, contains both (R)-amlodipine and (S)-amlodipine isomers, but only (S)-amlodipine is the active ingredient and has therapeutic activity. Levoamlodipine was approved by the FDA on December 19, 2019. See also: Levoamlodipine maleate (active ingredient); Levoamlodipine malate (active ingredient); Levoamlodipine besylate (active ingredient)... See more...
Drug Indications Levoamlodipine can be used alone or in combination to treat hypertension in adults and children. FDA Label Mechanism of Action Levoamlodipine inhibits the transmembrane influx of calcium ions into blood vessels and myocardial smooth muscle by blocking L-type calcium channels, thereby leading to vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure. Levoamlodipine has a stronger inhibitory effect on calcium ion influx in vascular smooth muscle than in myocardium, thereby reducing peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure. In vitro studies have shown that it has a negative inotropic effect, but this effect is unlikely to be clinically significant. Pharmacodynamics Levoamlodipine inhibits L-type calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle, thereby reducing peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure. Children take 1.25-2.5 mg once daily; adults take 2.5-5 mg once daily. Patients should be informed of the potential risks of symptomatic hypotension, worsening angina, and myocardial infarction. |
| Molecular Formula |
C20H25CLN2O5
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
408.87
|
| Exact Mass |
566.148
|
| CAS # |
103129-82-4
|
| Related CAS # |
Levamlodipine besylate;150566-71-5;Levamlodipine-d4;1346617-19-3
|
| PubChem CID |
9822750
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
527.2±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
102-104°C
|
| Flash Point |
272.6±30.1 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.4 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.546
|
| LogP |
4.16
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
10
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
28
|
| Complexity |
647
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
|
| SMILES |
CCOC(=O)C1=C(NC(=C([C@@H]1C2=CC=CC=C2Cl)C(=O)OC)C)COCCN
|
| InChi Key |
HTIQEAQVCYTUBX-KRWDZBQOSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C20H25ClN2O5/c1-4-28-20(25)18-15(11-27-10-9-22)23-12(2)16(19(24)26-3)17(18)13-7-5-6-8-14(13)21/h5-8,17,23H,4,9-11,22H2,1-3H3/t17-/m0/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
3-O-ethyl 5-O-methyl (4S)-2-(2-aminoethoxymethyl)-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate
|
| Synonyms |
Levamlodipine S-Amlodipine
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~244.57 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.11 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.11 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.4458 mL | 12.2288 mL | 24.4577 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4892 mL | 2.4458 mL | 4.8915 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2446 mL | 1.2229 mL | 2.4458 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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