| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10g |
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| Other Sizes |
| ln Vitro |
Levamisole hydrochloride causes neutropenia and agranulocytosis by preventing the formation of white blood cells. Numerous difficulties have been observed in cocaine users due to the growing use of levamisole hydrochloride as an adulterant [1] [2]. Levamisole hydrochloride inhibits most isoforms of alkaline phosphatase, including destructive and placental isoforms, reversibly and non-competitively (e.g., human fetus, kidney, and spleen) [3]. Thus, in biomedical experiments involving detection signal amplification that disrupts phosphatases, like in situ hybridization or Western blotting methods, it is supplied along with substrate to lower background phosphatase activity. C is mounted using it. elegans onto imaging-ready glass slides.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation
◉ Overview of Lactation Use Levamisole has been discontinued for human use in the United States due to its potential to cause agranulocytosis, but it is still used as an anthelmintic in other countries. There is currently no publicly available information regarding its excretion in breast milk. Some information suggests that levamisole use may be acceptable for breastfeeding women. However, due to limited experience with levamisole use during lactation, alternative medications may be preferred, especially when breastfeeding newborns or premature infants. The World Health Organization recommends that pregnant women taking levamisole should not breastfeed. ◉ Effects on Breastfed Infants In the Democratic Republic of Congo, a cohort study of 33 infants followed hospitalized mothers taking nifurolimus who breastfed (the extent of breastfeeding was not specified). Thirty mothers received the full course of nifurulimide orally at 15 mg/kg daily for 30 doses; all mothers also received intravenous efornithine at 400 mg/kg daily for 7 days, 14 times daily, for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness). Six of the breastfeeding mothers also received levamisole. No serious adverse events were reported in any of the breastfed infants. ◉ Effects on lactation and breast milk As of the revision date, no relevant published information was found. |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Levamisole hydrochloride is an organic molecular entity. Levamisole hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of the synthetic imidazothiazole derivative levamisole, possessing anthelmintic and immunomodulatory activities. Under immunosuppressive conditions, levamisole can restore immune function through: 1) stimulating antibody production; 2) stimulating T cell activation and proliferation; 3) enhancing phagocytosis and chemotaxis of monocytes and macrophages; and 4) increasing the migration, adhesion, and chemotaxis of neutrophils. As an anthelmintic, it has been tested in experiments on rheumatic diseases, showing that it can restore immune responses by enhancing macrophage chemotaxis and T lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial for rheumatoid arthritis, although dermatitis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (Quoted from Smith and Reynard, Pharmacology Textbook, 1991, pp. 435-436)
See also: Levamisole (containing the active ingredient); Doramectin; Levamisole Hydrochloride (ingredient)...See more... Drug Indications Treatment of glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome |
| Molecular Formula |
C11H13CLN2S
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
240.7523
|
| Exact Mass |
240.048
|
| CAS # |
16595-80-5
|
| Related CAS # |
Levamisole-d5 hydrochloride;1246819-64-6;Levamisole;14769-73-4
|
| PubChem CID |
27944
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Boiling Point |
344.4ºC at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
226-231ºC
|
| Flash Point |
162.1ºC
|
| Index of Refraction |
-126 ° (C=1， H2O)
|
| LogP |
2.321
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
15
|
| Complexity |
246
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
|
| SMILES |
C1CSC2=N[C@H](CN21)C3=CC=CC=C3.Cl
|
| InChi Key |
LAZPBGZRMVRFKY-HNCPQSOCSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C11H12N2S.ClH/c1-2-4-9(5-3-1)10-8-13-6-7-14-11(13)12-10;/h1-5,10H,6-8H2;1H/t10-;/m1./s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(6S)-6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole;hydrochloride
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~50 mg/mL (~207.68 mM)
DMSO : ~15.5 mg/mL (~64.38 mM) Ethanol : ~12.5 mg/mL (~51.92 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (5.19 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% EtOH + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 12.5 mg/mL clear EtOH stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (5.19 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% EtOH + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 12.5 mg/mL clear EtOH stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (5.19 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% EtOH + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 100 mg/mL (415.37 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.1537 mL | 20.7684 mL | 41.5369 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8307 mL | 4.1537 mL | 8.3074 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4154 mL | 2.0768 mL | 4.1537 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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