Leucomalachite green does not have a specific therapeutic target. It is a dye and metabolite used primarily as an analytical standard and biological stain. As the reduced metabolite of malachite green, it may interfere with cell metabolism or redox balance. It has lower cytotoxicity (such as in HEP-2 and Caco-2 cells) than malachite green. The compound's primary use is in analytical chemistry for the detection of malachite green residues in food and environmental samples.

In vitro, leucomalachite green has lower cytotoxicity than malachite green, as demonstrated in HEP-2 and Caco-2 cells. It may interfere with cell metabolism or redox balance. The compound is used as an analytical standard for the detection of malachite green residues. Detailed IC₅₀ values for cytotoxicity are not extensively reported in the available literature, but the compound is known to have lower toxicity than its parent compound.

Detailed in vivo activity data for leucomalachite green are not extensively reported in the available literature. As a metabolite of malachite green, it may accumulate in fish tissues and is a concern for food safety. The compound is used as a marker for the illegal use of malachite green in aquaculture. Its in vivo effects are primarily studied in the context of food safety and toxicology.

Non-cell-based assays for leucomalachite green involve analytical chemistry methods for its detection and quantification. HPLC coupled with UV-Vis or mass spectrometry detection is commonly used. The compound is extracted from samples, separated by chromatography, and detected based on its absorbance or mass spectrum. These methods are used to screen for malachite green residues in food and environmental samples.

Cellular assays for leucomalachite green are performed using various cell lines, such as HEP-2 and Caco-2 cells, to assess cytotoxicity. Cells are treated with the compound at various concentrations, and cell viability is measured using standard assays such as MTT or LDH release. The compound's effects on cell metabolism and redox balance are assessed by measuring markers of oxidative stress and metabolic activity.

In vivo animal models for leucomalachite green are not typical, as the compound is primarily an analytical standard and metabolite. However, toxicology studies in fish and rodents may be performed to assess the compound's safety and accumulation in tissues. These studies involve administration of the compound via diet or gavage, followed by analysis of tissue distribution and toxicological endpoints.

Metabolism / Metabolites
In rat liver extracts treated with leucomalachite green (LMG), protonated LMG, protonated demethylated derivatives, and molecular ions of malachite green N-oxide and demethylated N-oxide derivatives were mainly detected. In addition, small but measurable amounts of malachite green were also detected. The levels of LMG and its metabolites increased with increasing dose in both rat and mouse liver extracts. …The ability of human, rat, mouse, and rhesus monkey gut bacteria, as well as 14 pure cultures of anaerobic bacteria representing the human gastrointestinal flora, to reduce malachite green (MG) to leucomalachite green (LMG) was investigated. Bacterial cultures were incubated with 300 μg MG in 5 mL of brain and heart infusion broth under anaerobic conditions for 24–48 hours. Almost all of the malachite green (MG) was converted to its derivative—leucomalachite green (LMG)—by the gut microbiota. Pure cultures of bacteria can convert 7.3% to 99.3% of malachite green into leucolamine green. These results indicate that the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the conversion of malachite green to leucolamine green. Gut microbiota from fecal samples of humans, rats, mice, and monkeys, as well as pure cultures of 14 anaerobic bacteria representing the human gut microbiota, can all metabolize the triphenylmethane dye malachite green into leucolamine green. The reduction of malachite green to its leucolamine derivative suggests that the gut microbiota may play an important role in the metabolic activation of triphenylmethane dyes into potential carcinogens. Malachite green (MG) is still illegally used as a bactericide in aquaculture. In fish, it is absorbed and metabolized into its main reducing metabolite—colorless malachite green (LMG). The latter is the main residue found in fish tissues and can persist for months. The half-life of LMG in trout muscle can be up to 40 days.
Leucomalachite green has a molecular weight of 330.47 g/mol and a molecular formula of C₂₃H₂₆N₂. CAS number is 129-73-7. The compound is a white to off-white powder. Melting point is not extensively reported. Storage conditions: room temperature, protected from light. Purity is typically high for analytical standards.

Leucomalachite green has lower cytotoxicity than malachite green. However, as a triphenylmethane dye and metabolite, it may have toxicological effects with prolonged exposure. The compound is for research use only and is not for human consumption. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound.

[1]. Development of a group selective molecularly imprinted polymers based solid phase extraction of malachite green from fish water and fish feed samples. Anal Chim Acta. 2008 Aug 29;624(2):317-25.

[2]. Floating aerial blood mists in the operating room. J Hazard Mater. 2010 Sep 15;181(1-3):1179-81.

Malachite green is potentially carcinogenic under California labor law. Malachite green is a benzene-based aromatic compound.
Leucomalachite green is also known as 4,4'-benzylidenebis(N,N-dimethylaniline). It is a triphenylmethane dye and the major reduced metabolite of malachite green. The compound has lower cytotoxicity than malachite green and is used as an analytical standard for the detection of malachite green residues in food. It is also used as a biological stain for detecting blood. Leucomalachite green is for research use only.

C23H26N2

220.48

330.209

129-73-7

Leucomalachite green-d5;947601-82-3;Leucomalachite green-d6;1173021-13-0

67215

White to off-white solid powder

1.1±0.1 g/cm3

475.4±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg

100-102 °C

214.6±16.5 °C

0.0±1.2 mmHg at 25°C

1.621

5.91

0

2

5

25

342

0

WZKXBGJNNCGHIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C23H26N2/c1-24(2)21-14-10-19(11-15-21)23(18-8-6-5-7-9-18)20-12-16-22(17-13-20)25(3)4/h5-17,23H,1-4H3

4-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-phenylmethyl]-N,N-dimethylaniline

NSC-36379; NSC 36379; Leucomalachite green

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage.

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~302.60 mM)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.56 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.56 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.56 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)