| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| Targets |
LCS-3 targets glutathione disulfide reductase (GSR) and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1). GSR is an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to glutathione (GSH), a critical antioxidant in cells. TXNRD1 is a selenoprotein that plays a key role in maintaining the cellular redox balance by reducing oxidized thioredoxin. By inhibiting these two key enzymes, LCS-3 disrupts the cellular antioxidant defense system, leading to oxidative stress and ultimately inducing apoptosis in cancer cells.
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| ln Vitro |
While untransformed lung cells are not inhibited by LCS3 (5 nM–10 µM; 96 hours), lung cancer cell lines are [1]. Sensitive lung adenocarcinoma cells (LUAD) are activated via the NRF2 pathway and ROS production by LCS3 (3 µM) at 3, 6, and 12 hours [1]. LCS3 (3 µM; 96 hours) selectively kills cell lines of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), partly through apoptosis induction [1].
In vitro, LCS-3 demonstrates potent inhibition of GSR and TXNRD1 with IC50 values of 3.3 µM and 3.8 µM, respectively. It decreases the glutathione (GSH) to oxidized GSH (GSSG) ratio in NCI H1650 and H23 lung adenocarcinoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner. LCS-3 selectively impairs the growth of human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells and induces oxidative stress. These in vitro activities confirm its mechanism of action as an inducer of oxidative stress and apoptosis in cancer cells. |
| ln Vivo |
Specific in vivo data for LCS-3 are limited in publicly available sources. Based on its in vitro mechanism, the compound is expected to have potential antitumor activity in vivo by inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. However, detailed in vivo efficacy studies in animal models have not been extensively reported. The compound is primarily used as a research tool for studying the role of GSR and TXNRD1 in cancer biology.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays are used to characterize LCS-3's inhibition of GSR and TXNRD1. Purified enzymes are incubated with varying concentrations of LCS-3 and their respective substrates (GSSG for GSR, oxidized thioredoxin for TXNRD1). Enzyme activity is measured by monitoring the consumption of NADPH or other spectrophotometric methods. IC50 values of 3.3 µM (GSR) and 3.8 µM (TXNRD1) are determined from dose-response curves.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell Viability Assay[1]
Cell Types: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and non-transformed lung cells Tested Concentrations: 5 nM-10 µM Incubation Duration: 96 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Inhibited growth of 24/25 NSCLC cell lines at low micromolar concentrations (IC50 <5μM), two non-transformed lung cell lines were relatively insensitive (IC50>10μM). Cell viability assay[1] Cell Types: H23 and H1650 Cell Tested Concentrations: 3 µM Incubation Duration: 3, 6 and 12 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Respond to LCS3 by accumulating ROS and activating the NRF2 transcriptional program. Apoptosis analysis[1] Cell Types: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) Cell Tested Concentrations: 3 µM Incubation Duration: 96 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Increased cleavage of caspase 3, caspase 7 and/or PARP1 in all LCS3-sensitive LUAD cell lines. Western Blot Analysis[1] Cell Types: H23 and H1650 Cell Tested Concentrations: 3 µM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Protein levels of NRF2 and selected NRF2 downstream target products increased in both cell lines. Cell-based assays for LCS-3 are conducted in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines such as NCI H1650 and H23. Cells are treated with LCS-3 at various concentrations, and cell viability is assessed using standard assays like MTT. The GSH/GSSG ratio is measured to evaluate oxidative stress. Apoptosis is assessed by measuring markers such as caspase activation and PARP cleavage. These assays confirm the compound's ability to induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in cancer cells. |
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with LCS-3 have not been extensively documented. Typical study designs for evaluating antitumor efficacy would involve administration of the compound in xenograft models bearing lung adenocarcinoma tumors. Dosing regimens and routes of administration would need to be optimized. However, specific protocols are not available in the public domain. The compound is for research use only.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of LCS-3 are not extensively characterized. The compound has a molecular weight of 266.64 g/mol, a molecular formula of C11H7ClN2O4, and a calculated LogP of 2.9. Solubility: DMSO: 100 mg/mL (375.04 mM; Need ultrasonic). Storage: powder at -20°C for 3 years; in solvent at -80°C for 6 months. Specific data on absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion are not available.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Safety and toxicology data for LCS-3 are limited. The compound is for research use only and is not approved for human therapeutic use. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound. No specific toxicity data such as LD50 or organ-specific toxicity are available.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
LCS-3 has CAS number 109844-92-0, molecular formula C11H7ClN2O4, and molecular weight 266.64. IUPAC name: N-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-nitrofuran-2-carboxamide. Synonyms: LCS3, NSC761634. Purity: 99.43%. It is a reversible and uncompetitive GSR and TXNRD1 inhibitor used for lung adenocarcinoma research. Not approved for clinical use; for research purposes only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C11H7N2O4CL
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| Molecular Weight |
266.637
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| Exact Mass |
266.009
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| CAS # |
109844-92-0
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| PubChem CID |
844044
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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| LogP |
3.689
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
18
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| Complexity |
326
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
JDBZJNUHQINERI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C11H7ClN2O4/c12-7-1-3-8(4-2-7)13-11(15)9-5-6-10(18-9)14(16)17/h1-6H,(H,13,15)
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| Chemical Name |
N-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-nitrofuran-2-carboxamide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~125 mg/mL (~468.80 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.38 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 +5% Tween-80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 + to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.7504 mL | 18.7519 mL | 37.5038 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7501 mL | 3.7504 mL | 7.5008 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3750 mL | 1.8752 mL | 3.7504 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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