| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| 5g |
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| 10g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Lactitol monohydrate does not have a classic "target" in the sense of a receptor or enzyme. Its mechanism of action is osmotic. As a non-absorbable disaccharide, it is not digested in the small intestine and passes into the colon, where it is fermented by colonic bacteria. This fermentation produces short-chain fatty acids and gases, which lower the colonic pH and increase osmotic pressure. The resulting osmotic gradient draws water into the intestinal lumen, softening the stool and stimulating peristalsis, thereby producing a laxative effect. In hepatic encephalopathy, its mechanism involves acidifying the colonic contents, which traps ammonia (NH3) as ammonium (NH4+), reducing its absorption and thereby lowering systemic ammonia levels.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Lactitol monohydrate is used as a research tool to study osmotic effects and the metabolism of non-absorbable sugars. It is not typically used in cell-based assays for pharmacological activity, as its primary mechanism is physical and osmotic rather than receptor-mediated. Its stability and lack of metabolism in the small intestine are key properties that make it effective as an osmotic laxative.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Lactitol monohydrate is an effective osmotic laxative used for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC). It is also used in the management of hepatic encephalopathy. Its efficacy in these conditions is well-documented in clinical studies. It produces bowel movements by drawing water into the intestines, softening the stool, and stimulating peristalsis. Its effects are mild and generally occur within 24 to 48 hours after oral administration.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro assays, the primary studies involving Lactitol monohydrate focus on its stability and lack of metabolism. It is not used in standard cell-free enzyme/receptor binding assays, as its mechanism of action is osmotic. However, its fermentation by colonic bacteria can be studied in vitro using anaerobic culture systems to measure gas production and changes in pH.
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| Cell Assay |
Lactitol monohydrate is not typically used in standard cell-based pharmacological assays, as its mechanism of action is physical and osmotic. However, its effect on intestinal epithelial cells can be studied in vitro by measuring changes in cell volume or ion transport in response to osmotic stress. Its lack of cellular toxicity is often confirmed in such studies.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo efficacy is evaluated in animal models of constipation or in clinical trials. In animal models, the compound is administered orally, and endpoints include time to first bowel movement, stool frequency, stool consistency, and intestinal transit time. In clinical studies, its efficacy as a laxative is assessed by patient-reported outcomes, such as the number of complete spontaneous bowel movements per week.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Lactitol monohydrate has a molecular formula of C12H24O11·H2O and a molecular weight of 362.33 g/mol. Its CAS number is 81025-04-9. It is a white, crystalline powder that is highly soluble in water. It is stable and can be stored at room temperature. Its purity is typically >98%.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Lactitol monohydrate has a very low toxicity profile. As a non-absorbable sugar alcohol, it is generally well-tolerated. The most common side effects are gastrointestinal, including flatulence, abdominal cramping, and diarrhea, particularly at higher doses. These effects are generally mild and transient. No significant systemic toxicity has been reported.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
See also: lactitol (note moved to).
Lactitol monohydrate is an FDA-approved medical food and over-the-counter laxative for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation. It is marketed under the brand name Pizensy. It is also used as a food additive and sugar substitute. Its mechanism of action involves its osmotic effect in the colon. It is not a drug in the traditional sense but a medical food and laxative. |
| Molecular Formula |
C12H26O12
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
362.33
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| Exact Mass |
362.142
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| CAS # |
81025-04-9
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| Related CAS # |
Lactitol;585-86-4
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| PubChem CID |
3067270
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.69 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
788.5ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
95-98ºC
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| Flash Point |
430.7ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.634
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
10
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
12
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
8
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| Heavy Atom Count |
24
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| Complexity |
343
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
9
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| SMILES |
O([C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)[C@H]([C@H](O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)CO.O
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| InChi Key |
LXMBXZRLTPSWCR-XBLONOLSSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C12H24O11.H2O/c13-1-4(16)7(18)11(5(17)2-14)23-12-10(21)9(20)8(19)6(3-15)22-12;/h4-21H,1-3H2;1H2/t4-,5+,6+,7+,8-,9-,10+,11+,12-;/m0./s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S,3R,4R,5R)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyhexane-1,2,3,5,6-pentol;hydrate
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| Synonyms |
Lactitol monohydrate; D-Lactitol monohydrate; Lactitol (monohydrate); Lactitol hydrate; UH2K6W1Y64; DTXSID6047028
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~120 mg/mL (~331.19 mM)
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~275.99 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.90 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.90 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.90 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 25 mg/mL (69.00 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.7599 mL | 13.7996 mL | 27.5991 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5520 mL | 2.7599 mL | 5.5198 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2760 mL | 1.3800 mL | 2.7599 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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