| Size | Price | |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
L-Xylose acts as a selective sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. By inhibiting SGLT2, it reduces glucose reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to increased urinary glucose excretion and lower blood glucose levels. This mechanism is beneficial for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Its antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus and influenza A virus have also been reported.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, the permeability characteristics of L-xylose have been compared in various experimental systems. It has been shown to distribute in 50% of the intracellular water. It has antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus 1 & 2 and influenza A virus. Its activity as an SGLT2 inhibitor has been demonstrated in cell-based assays.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, L-Xylose has been studied for its potential benefits in treating diabetic neuropathy. It has also been investigated as a sweetener. Its effects on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity have been studied in animal models of type 2 diabetes. Its antiviral activities have not been extensively studied in vivo.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for L-Xylose can measure its inhibition of SGLT2 activity. The transporter is expressed in cells or membrane preparations, and glucose uptake is measured in the presence and absence of the compound. Its antiviral activity can be assessed using viral replication assays in cell culture.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for L-Xylose involve treating cells expressing SGLT2 with the compound and measuring glucose uptake using radiolabeled glucose or fluorescent glucose analogs. Its effects on cell viability and metabolism can also be assessed. Its antiviral activity is evaluated by measuring viral replication in infected cell cultures.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal models for L-Xylose include rodent models of type 2 diabetes to study its effects on blood glucose levels and glucose tolerance. Its effects on diabetic neuropathy can be studied in animal models of diabetes. Its pharmacokinetics and metabolism can be studied in these models as well.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for L-Xylose are limited. As a monosaccharide, it is likely to be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed to tissues. It is metabolized through the pentose phosphate pathway and other sugar metabolism pathways. It is excreted in urine. Its half-life and bioavailability are not well-characterized in the literature.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicological profile of L-Xylose is characteristic of a naturally occurring sugar. It is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use as a sweetener. At high doses, it may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, including diarrhea and bloating. Its safety for therapeutic use has not been fully established, but it is considered to have low toxicity.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Aldehyde-L-xylose is an open-ring form of xylose with an L-configuration. Aldehyde-L-xylose is a metabolite found or produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: D-xylose (note moved to).
L-Xylose is a rare sugar and the levorotatory enantiomer of xylose. It has been studied as a sweetener, for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, and as a selective SGLT2 inhibitor for type 2 diabetes. It also has antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus and influenza A virus. It is a naturally occurring pentose sugar. |
| Molecular Formula |
C5H10O5
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
150.13
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| Exact Mass |
150.053
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| CAS # |
609-06-3
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| Related CAS # |
L-Xylose-1-13C;178101-87-6;L-Xylose-2-13C;478506-63-7;L-Xylose-5-13C;478506-64-8
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| PubChem CID |
95259
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.508 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
415.5ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
150-152ºC(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
219.2ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
-20 ° (C=10, H2O)
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| LogP |
-2.3
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
10
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| Complexity |
104
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
|
| SMILES |
C([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](C=O)O)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-WISUUJSJSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H10O5/c6-1-3(8)5(10)4(9)2-7/h1,3-5,7-10H,2H2/t3-,4+,5+/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S,3R,4S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentanal
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| Synonyms |
EINECS 210-174-1; L(+)-Xylose; L-Xylose
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~666.09 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.65 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.65 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.65 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.6609 mL | 33.3045 mL | 66.6089 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.3322 mL | 6.6609 mL | 13.3218 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6661 mL | 3.3304 mL | 6.6609 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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