| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25mg |
|
||
| 50mg |
|
||
| 100mg |
|
||
| 250mg |
|
||
| 500mg |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Kirenol targets inflammatory pathways and immune cells. It reduces the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, while increasing the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10. It can upregulate nuclear Annexin-1, which is involved in the anti-inflammatory response. It inhibits the proliferation of CII-specific lymphocytes and induces their apoptosis, suggesting a direct effect on autoimmune T cells. Its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects make it a candidate for treating autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. Its antioxidant activity also contributes to its protective effects.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Kirenol possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-arthritic activities. It reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and increases anti-inflammatory cytokine production. It inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis of CII-specific lymphocytes. It is effective against gram-positive bacteria. Kirenol induces autophagy, mitophagy, and osteoblast differentiation, and promotes mitochondrial fusion. It exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, renoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and analgesic effects. It is a valuable tool for studying inflammation and immunity.
|
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Kirenol has been shown to reduce motor deficit and delay disease onset by approximately five days in an animal model of arthritis. It possesses anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. It may be a potential immunosuppressant for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Its efficacy in animal models supports its potential for development as a therapeutic agent for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Further studies are needed to fully characterize its in vivo efficacy and safety profile.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro assay for Kirenol involves measuring its anti-inflammatory effects on immune cells, such as macrophages or lymphocytes. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of Kirenol (0.1-100 µM) and stimulated with LPS or other inflammatory stimuli. Cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10) in the culture supernatant are measured by ELISA. Cell proliferation is assessed using MTT or BrdU incorporation assays. Apoptosis is evaluated using Annexin V staining or caspase-3/7 activity assays. The compound's antibacterial activity is assessed using disc diffusion or MIC assays against gram-positive bacteria.
|
| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for Kirenol use immune cells such as macrophages (RAW 264.7), lymphocytes, or chondrocytes. Cells are cultured in appropriate media and treated with the compound at concentrations of 0.1-100 µM for 1-24 hours. Cytokine production is measured by ELISA or Luminex. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or CCK-8 assays. Apoptosis is evaluated using Annexin V staining and caspase-3/7 activity assays. The compound's effects on cell signaling pathways (e.g., NF-κB, MAPK) can be assessed by Western blot. These assays help characterize its mechanism of action as an anti-inflammatory agent.
|
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Kirenol involve models of rheumatoid arthritis, such as collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice or rats. Animals are treated with the compound via oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection at doses of 1-50 mg/kg. Arthritis severity is assessed by clinical score, paw swelling, and histological analysis of joints. Cytokine levels in serum and joint tissues are measured by ELISA. The compound's effects on immune cell populations in spleen and lymph nodes are characterized by flow cytometry. These studies evaluate its efficacy as an anti-arthritic agent.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Kirenol has a molecular weight of 338.48 and a molecular formula of C20H34O4. It is a diterpenoid compound isolated from natural sources. It is soluble in DMSO and should be stored at -20°C for long-term preservation. Its pharmacokinetic properties, including oral bioavailability, half-life, and tissue distribution, are not extensively reported in the available literature. For in vivo studies, it can be formulated in suitable vehicles such as 10% DMSO + 90% corn oil or other standard formulations.
|
| References |
|
| Additional Infomation |
Kirenol is a diterpenoid compound. It has been reported to exist in Sigesbeckia glabrescens, Sigesbeckia orientalis, and Sigesbeckia pubescens, and relevant data are available.
Kirenol is a diterpenoid with the CAS number 52659-56-0. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-allergic, and anti-arthritic activities. It reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines and increases anti-inflammatory cytokines. It is effective against gram-positive bacteria and may be a potential immunosuppressant for rheumatoid arthritis. The compound is a research tool and is not for human therapeutic use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C20H34O4
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
338.49
|
| Exact Mass |
338.245
|
| CAS # |
52659-56-0
|
| PubChem CID |
15736732
|
| Appearance |
Off-white to light yellow solid powder
|
| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
516.9±35.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
197.0 to 201.0 °C
|
| Flash Point |
233.6±20.5 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±3.1 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.570
|
| LogP |
1.78
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
24
|
| Complexity |
518
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
7
|
| SMILES |
C[C@@]1(CC[C@@H]2C(=C1)CC[C@H]3[C@]2(C[C@@H](C[C@@]3(C)CO)O)C)[C@H](CO)O
|
| InChi Key |
NRYNTARIOIRWAB-JPDRSCFKSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C20H34O4/c1-18(17(24)11-21)7-6-15-13(8-18)4-5-16-19(2,12-22)9-14(23)10-20(15,16)3/h8,14-17,21-24H,4-7,9-12H2,1-3H3/t14-,15-,16-,17+,18+,19+,20+/m1/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(1R)-1-[(2S,4aR,4bS,6S,8R,8aS)-6-hydroxy-8-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4b,8-trimethyl-4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9,10-octahydro-3H-phenanthren-2-yl]ethane-1,2-diol
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~295.44 mM)
H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 3.25 mg/mL (9.60 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 32.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL of PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL of Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL of normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 3.25 mg/mL (9.60 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 32.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 3.25 mg/mL (9.60 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.9543 mL | 14.7715 mL | 29.5430 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5909 mL | 2.9543 mL | 5.9086 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2954 mL | 1.4771 mL | 2.9543 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
