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| Targets |
Kanamycin sulfate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that binds irreversibly to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit. Specifically, the antibiotic is located between the 16S rRNA and S12 protein within the 30S subunit. This leads to interference with the translation initiation complex, misreading of mRNA, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis and ultimately producing a bactericidal effect. Kanamycin sulfate inhibits translocation and causes misencoding by binding to the 70S ribosomal subunit. Its primary target is the bacterial ribosome, making it effective against a broad range of bacteria.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, different strains of mycobacteria show good antibacterial activity (MIC=1–5 μg/mL) when treated with kanamycin sulfate (0.1–100 μg/mL; 2 weeks)[1].
In vitro, Kanamycin sulfate (0.1-100 μg/mL; 2 weeks) shows good antibacterial activity against different strains of mycobacteria, with MICs of 1-5 μg/mL. It demonstrates strong antibacterial activity against multiple mycobacterium strains (H37Rv, H2, H37RvR-PAS, Ravenel, and BCG), with MICs of 1 μg/mL and 5 μg/mL for the Kirchbergand strain. The compound is effective against Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermis. Its in vitro activity is characterized by its ability to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. |
| ln Vivo |
In the lung and spleen of mice, kanamycin sulfate (2, 4 mg/kg; s.c.; once daily, six times a week for three weeks) inhibits the growth of bovine tubercle bacilli[1].
Kanamycin sulfate (1.25, 5 mg/kg; s.c.; single (at 3 h after infection)) increases the survival rate of mice while also inhibiting the growth of K. pneumonia DT-S in the lung, trachea, and blood of the mice in proportion to the dose administration[2]. In vivo, Kanamycin sulfate (2, 4 mg/kg; subcutaneous; once daily, six times a week for three weeks) inhibits the growth of bovine tubercle bacilli in the lung and spleen of mice. It also increases the survival rate of mice and inhibits the growth of K. pneumoniae DT-S in the lung, trachea, and blood in proportion to the dose administered (1.25, 5 mg/kg; subcutaneous; single dose at 3 hours after infection). These findings demonstrate the compound's in vivo antibacterial efficacy against systemic and respiratory infections. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for Kanamycin sulfate involve measuring its binding to the bacterial ribosome. Kanamycin binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit. Specifically, the antibiotic is located between the 16S rRNA and S12 protein within the 30S subunit. Binding assays can be performed using purified ribosomes or ribosomal subunits and radiolabeled Kanamycin to determine the binding affinity. These assays confirm the mechanism of action as a ribosomal inhibitor. The compound's ability to inhibit protein synthesis can also be assessed using cell-free translation assays.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell Line: mycobacteria Ravenel, Kirchbergand, H37Rv, H2, and BCG.
Concentration: 0.1-100 μg/mL Incubation Time: 2 weeks Result: demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against multiple mycobacterium strains (H37Rv, H2, H37RvR-PAS, Ravenel, and BCG), with MICs of 1 μg/mL and 5 μg/mL for the Kirchbergand strain, respectively. In vitro cellular assays for Kanamycin sulfate typically involve determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against a panel of bacterial strains. The broth microdilution method is the standard assay format. Bacterial cultures are grown in appropriate media and exposed to serial dilutions of the compound. After incubation, the MIC is determined as the lowest concentration that inhibits visible bacterial growth. Kanamycin sulfate shows good antibacterial activity against mycobacteria with MICs of 1-5 μg/mL. Time-kill kinetics assays may also be performed to evaluate the bactericidal activity. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal Model: Model of infected bovine tubercle bacilli (Ravenel strain) in inbred strain normal mice (14–16 g)[1].
Dosage: 2, 4 mg/kg Administration: Subcutaneous injection; once daily, 6 times a week for 3 weeks. Result: demonstrated a notable impact on preventing the in vivo spread of tuberculosis, particularly in mouse lungs. In vivo animal models for Kanamycin sulfate typically involve infecting mice with pathogenic bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Klebsiella pneumoniae, followed by administration of the compound. In the bovine tubercle bacilli (Ravenel strain) infected mouse model, Kanamycin sulfate is administered subcutaneously at doses of 2 or 4 mg/kg once daily, six times a week for three weeks. Efficacy is assessed by measuring bacterial load in the lungs and spleen, as well as survival rates. Other models may involve K. pneumoniae infection with single-dose administration. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Kanamycin sulfate is an aminoglycoside sulfate salt with a molecular weight of 582.575 g/mol and a molecular formula of C18H38N4O15S. It is derived from Streptomyces kanamyceticus and is an antibiotic complex composed of three components: the major component kanamycin A and minor components kanamycin B and C. The drug binds irreversibly to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting protein synthesis. Its pharmacokinetic profile is similar to that of Kanamycin base, with rapid absorption after intramuscular injection and poor oral absorption.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Kanamycin sulfate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic with well-characterized toxicity, including nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. These adverse effects are associated with its accumulation in the kidneys and inner ear. The drug can cause renal tubular damage and hearing loss, which may be irreversible. Toxicity is dose-dependent and is more likely with prolonged use or in patients with pre-existing renal impairment. Kanamycin sulfate should be used with caution and monitored closely for signs of toxicity. Its safety profile is similar to other aminoglycosides such as gentamicin and streptomycin.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Kanamycin sulfate A is an aminoglycoside sulfate. It has antibacterial and anti-aging effects. It contains kanamycin A. Kanamycin sulfate is the sulfate of kanamycin, a naturally occurring aminoglycoside antibiotic with antibacterial activity. Kanamycin is derived from Streptomyces kanamyceticus and is an antibiotic complex composed of three components: the major component kanamycin A (often simply called kanamycin) and minor components kanamycin B and C. The drug binds irreversibly to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit. Specifically, the antibiotic is located between the 16S rRNA and S12 protein within the 30S subunit. This leads to interference with the translation initiation complex, misreading of mRNA, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis and ultimately producing a bactericidal effect. Aminoglycoside antibiotics are mostly ineffective against anaerobic bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
Kanamycin sulfate A is the sulfate form of kanamycin A, the main component of the kanamycin complex. The kanamycin complex is an aminoglycoside antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces kanamyceticus, possessing antibacterial activity. The kanamycin complex is an antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus found in Japanese soil. It contains three components: the main component, kanamycin A, and minor components, kanamycin B and kanamycin C. See also: Kanamycin (note moved to). Kanamycin sulfate (CAS# 25389-94-0) is the sulfate salt of Kanamycin, a naturally occurring aminoglycoside antibiotic with antibacterial activity. It is derived from Streptomyces kanamyceticus. The drug binds irreversibly to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, leading to misreading of mRNA and inhibition of protein synthesis. Kanamycin sulfate is effective against Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. It has been used in tissue culture media as a selection agent. The compound is for research use only and is not approved for human therapeutic use in many applications. Aminoglycoside antibiotics are mostly ineffective against anaerobic bacteria, fungi, and viruses. |
| Molecular Formula |
C18H38N4O15S
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| Molecular Weight |
582.575
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| Exact Mass |
582.205
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 37.11; H, 6.57; N, 9.62; O, 41.19; S, 5.50
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| CAS # |
25389-94-0
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| Related CAS # |
Kanamycin;59-01-8
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| PubChem CID |
441374
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.3619 (rough estimate)
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| Boiling Point |
809.5ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
250ºC
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| Flash Point |
443.4ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
117.5 ° (C=1, H2O)
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
13
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
19
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
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| Heavy Atom Count |
38
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| Complexity |
720
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
15
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| SMILES |
S(=O)(=O)(O[H])O[H].O([C@]1([H])[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])([C@]([H])([C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])O[H])O1)O[H])N([H])[H])O[H])[C@@]1([H])[C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])([C@@]1([H])O[H])O[C@]1([H])[C@]([H])([C@]([H])([C@@]([H])([C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])N([H])[H])O1)O[H])O[H])O[H])N([H])[H])N([H])[H]
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| InChi Key |
OOYGSFOGFJDDHP-KMCOLRRFSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C18H36N4O11.H2O4S/c19-2-6-10(25)12(27)13(28)18(30-6)33-16-5(21)1-4(20)15(14(16)29)32-17-11(26)8(22)9(24)7(3-23)31-17;1-5(2,3)4/h4-18,23-29H,1-3,19-22H2;(H2,1,2,3,4)/t4-,5+,6-,7-,8+,9-,10-,11-,12+,13-,14-,15+,16-,17-,18-;/m1./s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(aminomethyl)-6-(((1R,2R,3S,4R,6S)-4,6-diamino-3-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-2-hydroxycyclohexyl)oxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol sulfate
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| Synonyms |
Kanamycin sulfate; kanamycin A. Kanabristol; Kanacedin.
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| HS Tariff Code |
2941.90.1010
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ≥ 25 mg/mL (~42.91 mM)
DMSO : < 1 mg/mL |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 50 mg/mL (85.83 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
Solubility in Formulation 2: 50 mg/mL (85.83 mM) in Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.7165 mL | 8.5825 mL | 17.1650 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3433 mL | 1.7165 mL | 3.4330 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1717 mL | 0.8583 mL | 1.7165 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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