| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg | |||
| 500mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Iretol targets oxidative stress pathways by scavenging free radicals and chelating metal ions. It also modulates inflammatory signaling, inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6). In addition, it can interact with various enzymes, such as cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase, reducing the production of inflammatory mediators. Its antimicrobial activity is associated with disrupting bacterial cell membranes and inhibiting efflux pumps.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, iretol exhibits significant antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS assays (IC₅₀ 10-20 µM). It protects cells (e.g., neuronal, hepatic) from oxidative damage induced by H₂O₂, reducing intracellular ROS levels and lipid peroxidation. Anti-inflammatory effects are shown by its ability to reduce NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophages (IC₅₀ ~25 µM). It also inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria (e.g., S. aureus, MIC 32-64 µg/mL) and shows moderate activity against some fungi.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, iretol has been studied in rodent models of inflammation and oxidative stress. Oral administration (e.g., 50-200 mg/kg) reduces paw edema in carrageenan-induced inflammation, lowers serum inflammatory markers, and decreases hepatic lipid peroxidation in models of chemical-induced hepatotoxicity. It also shows protective effects in models of colitis and neurodegeneration, though these are preliminary. No significant toxicity has been reported at these doses.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro antioxidant assays for iretol include DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS cation decolorization, and FRAP. The compound's metal-chelating activity is measured by its ability to bind Fe²⁺/Cu²⁺. Enzyme inhibition assays (e.g., COX-1/2, LOX) are performed using purified enzymes and chromogenic substrates. The IC₅₀ or % inhibition is determined. Anti-inflammatory activity is confirmed by measuring NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages using the Griess assay.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular experiments for iretol are performed using human cell lines (e.g., HepG2, SH-SY5Y). Cells are pretreated with iretol (1-100 µM) and then exposed to oxidative stress or inflammatory stimuli (e.g., LPS, H₂O₂). Cell viability is measured by MTT, intracellular ROS by DCFH-DA, and inflammatory markers by ELISA/qPCR. The compound's cytoprotective effects are assessed by caspase-3 activity and mitochondrial membrane potential.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for iretol are conducted in mice or rats using models of acute inflammation (carrageenan paw edema), chronic inflammation (adjuvant arthritis), or oxidative stress (CCl₄-induced hepatotoxicity). Animals are treated orally or intraperitoneally. Edema, leukocyte infiltration, and tissue damage are assessed. Serum or tissue levels of TNF-α, IL-6, MDA, GSH, and SOD are measured. Histopathology is performed to evaluate organ protection.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of iretol have been studied in rats. It shows moderate oral bioavailability (15-25%) and a half-life of 2-3 hours. The compound is metabolized by glucuronidation and sulfation in the liver. It is rapidly absorbed, with peak plasma concentrations reaching within 1-2 hours. Its distribution is widespread, with higher concentrations in the liver and kidneys. Excretion occurs primarily via urine and bile.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of iretol is favorable, with low acute oral toxicity (LD₅₀ > 1000 mg/kg in rodents). In subchronic studies, no significant adverse effects on body weight, hematology, or serum biochemistry were noted at doses up to 200 mg/kg/day. No mutagenicity was detected in Ames test. The compound is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use as a dietary antioxidant, though it is not approved as a drug.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Iretol is a naturally occurring flavonoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. It is found in plants and has been studied for its health benefits, including protection against oxidative stress and inflammation. It serves as a model compound for studying flavonoid pharmacology and a potential lead for developing nutraceuticals or therapeutics for inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Its research applications focus on understanding the molecular mechanisms of flavonoids and their therapeutic potential.
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| Molecular Formula |
C7H8O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
156.13602
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| Exact Mass |
156.042
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| CAS # |
487-71-8
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| PubChem CID |
4303263
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.436g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
323.1ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
149.2ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.000141mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.627
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| LogP |
0.812
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
11
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| Complexity |
116
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
ASTPOGDWGNJVEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C7H8O4/c1-11-7-5(9)2-4(8)3-6(7)10/h2-3,8-10H,1H3
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| Chemical Name |
2-methoxybenzene-1,3,5-triol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~62.5 mg/mL (~400.28 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (13.32 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (13.32 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (13.32 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.4045 mL | 32.0225 mL | 64.0451 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.2809 mL | 6.4045 mL | 12.8090 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6405 mL | 3.2023 mL | 6.4045 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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