An iopromide tail vein injection can cause contrast-induced nephropathy [1]. The overall picture quality and diagnostic quality in randomized controlled studies were shown to be on par with other low-penetration contrast agents such as iodixanol, or the isotonic contrast agent iohexol, iopromide, iopamidol, iomepropanol, and ioxagate. imaging using radiography. Extensive postmarketing surveillance studies have verified that iodobitol is an effective contrast agent in the great majority of patients and generates good or exceptional opacification. Iodopidol shares tolerance traits with other low- and isotonic contrast agents, and it is generally well tolerated. Iodobitol is therefore a useful intravascular medication for improving contrast in diagnostic imaging [2].

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Immediately following intravascular injection, iopromide reaches peak plasma concentrations and is then rapidly distributed throughout the extracellular fluid compartment. It displays little tendency to bind to serum or plasma proteins. Iodinated contrast agents cross a disrupted blood-brain barrier.
The amounts excreted unchanged in urine represent 97% of the dose in adult healthy subjects. Only 2% of the dose is recovered in the feces. Similar recoveries in urine and feces are observed in middle-aged and elderly patients. This finding suggests that, compared to the renal route, biliary and/or gastrointestinal excretion is not important for iopromide. During the slower terminal phase, only 3% of the dose is eliminated; 97% of the dose is disposed of during the earlier phases, the largest part of which occurs during the main elimination phase. The ratio of the renal clearance of iopromide to the creatinine clearance is 0.82, suggesting that iopromide is mainly excreted by glomerular filtration. Additional tubular reabsorption is possible.
The total volume of distribution at steady state is about 16 L, suggesting distribution into extracellular space.
The mean total and renal clearances are 107 mL/min and 104 mL/min, respectively.

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Metabolism / Metabolites
Iopromide does not undergo significant metabolism, deiodination, or biotransformation.

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Biological Half-Life
After intravenous administration to healthy adult subjects, the plasma iopromide concentration-time profile shows an initial distribution phase with a half-life of 0.24 hours; a main elimination phase with a half-life of 2 hours; and a terminal elimination phase with a half-life of 6.2 hours.

Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation
Intravenous iodinated contrast media are poorly excreted into breastmilk and poorly absorbed orally so they are not likely to reach the bloodstream of the infant or cause any adverse effects in breastfed infants. Guidelines developed by several professional organizations state that breastfeeding need not be disrupted after a nursing mother receives an iodine-containing contrast medium. However, because there is no published experience with iopromide during breastfeeding, other agents may be preferred, especially while nursing a newborn or preterm infant.
◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants
Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk
Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.

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Protein Binding
The plasma protein binding of iopromide is 1%.

[1]. Jiang W, et al. Breviscapine attenuatted contrast medium-induced nephropathy via PKC/Akt/MAPK signalling in diabetic mice. Am J Transl Res. 2016 Feb 15;8(2):329-41.
[2]. McCormack PL, et al. Iobitridol: a review of its use as a contrast medium in diagnostic imaging. Clin Drug Investig. 2013 Feb;33(2):155-66

Iopromide is a dicarboxylic acid diamide that consists of N-methylisophthalamide bearing three iodo substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6, a methoxyacetyl substituent at position 5 and two 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups attached to the amide nitrogens. A water soluble x-ray contrast agent for intravascular administration. It has a role as a radioopaque medium, a nephrotoxic agent, a xenobiotic and an environmental contaminant. It is an organoiodine compound and a dicarboxylic acid diamide. It is functionally related to an isophthalamide and a glycerol.
Iopromide is a low osmolar, non-ionic X-ray contrast agent for intravascular administration. It functions as a contrast agent by opacifying blood vessels in the flow path of the contrast agent, permitting radiographic visualization of the internal structures until significant hemodilution occurs. Although iopromide can cause several serious adverse effects, including cardiac events, thromboembolism, hypersensitivity reaction, and even death if administered intrathecally inadvertently, it is still deemed to have a favorable safety profile, with only 0.7% of patients in a 2 years study experiencing adverse events. Although the mechanism is unclear, women and outpatients tend to have a higher incidence of adverse events compared to other population groups. Approved by the FDA in 1995 and Health Canada in 1994 under the brand name ULTRAVIST, iopromide is used in radiological diagnosis, including, but not limited to, intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (IA-DSA), cerebral and peripheral arteriography, peripheral venography, excretory urography, brain computer tomography (CT), coronary arteriography, left ventriculography, visceral angiography, and orthography.
Iopromide is a Radiographic Contrast Agent. The mechanism of action of iopromide is as a X-Ray Contrast Activity.
Iopromide is a contrast medium.

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Drug Indication
Iopromide, as the product IOVIST, is approved by the FDA for use as an intra-arterial or intravenous X-ray contrast agent. For intra-arterial administration, iopromide is indicated for cerebral arteriography, peripheral arteriography, coronary arteriography, left ventriculography, visceral angiography, and aortography in adults and radiographic evaluation of cardiac chambers and related arteries in pediatric patients aged 2 years and older. For intravenous administration, iopromide is indicated for excretory urography in adults and pediatric patients aged 2 years and older, contrast Computed Tomography (CT) of the head and body (intrathoracic, intra-abdominal, and retroperitoneal regions) for the evaluation of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions in adults and pediatric patients aged 2 years and older, and contrast mammography to visualize known or suspected lesions of the breast in adults, as an adjunct following mammography and/or ultrasound. Iopromide is also approved by Health Canada as an intravascular contrasting agent, although the indications differ depending on the dosage. At 300 mg I/mL, iopromide is indicated for computed tomography (CT), excretory urography, pediatric excretory urography, renal arteriography, peripheral arteriography (bifemoral pelvis/leg), cerebral arteriography, phlebography of the extremities, and arthrography.
FDA Label

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Mechanism of Action
Iopromide is a nonionic iodinated, water-soluble, radiographic contrast medium that is available in two stable, ready-to-use solutions of different concentrations (i.e., 300 mg I/mL and 370 mg I/mL). Following intravascular injection, iopromide provides radiographic opacification of the vasculature and extracellular space in the path of flow of the agent, allowing diagnostic assessment of the limbs and internal organs until significant dilution occurs.

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Pharmacodynamics
After intravenous injection, opacification of the renal parenchyma begins within 1 minute. Excretion of the contrast agent becomes apparent in 1 to 3 minutes with optimal contrast in the calyces and collecting system occurring between 5 and 15 minutes. In nephropathic conditions, particularly when excretory capacity has been altered, the excretion rate varies unpredictably and opacification may be delayed for several hours after injection. the degree of contrast enhancement is related to the iodine concentration in the tissue of interest.

C18H24I3N3O8

791.11

790.869

73334-07-3

Iopromide-d3

3736

White to off-white solid powder

2.2±0.1 g/cm3

840.9±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg

broad (160ºC transition)

462.4±34.3 °C

0.0±3.3 mmHg at 25°C

1.710

-2.95

6

8

11

32

647

0

IC1=C(C(N([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])O[H])O[H])=O)C(=C(C(=C1C(N(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])O[H])O[H])=O)I)N([H])C(C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])[H])=O)I

DGAIEPBNLOQYER-IUCAKERBSA-N

InChI=1S/C18H24I3N3O8/c1-24(4-9(28)6-26)18(31)12-13(19)11(17(30)22-3-8(27)5-25)14(20)16(15(12)21)23-10(29)7-32-2/h8-9,25-28H,3-7H2,1-2H3,(H,22,30)(H,23,29)/t8-,9-/m0/s1

1,3-Benzenedicarboxamide, N,N'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodo-5-((methoxyacetyl)amino)-N-methyl-

Ultravist SHL 414C Iopromide SHL 414C Ultravist UNII-712BAC33MZ ZK 35760.

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~126.40 mM)
H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~126.40 mM)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.16 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.16 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.16 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.

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Solubility in Formulation 4: 100 mg/mL (126.40 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)