| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 10mg |
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| Targets |
Iobenguane sulfate targets the norepinephrine transporter (NET), which is expressed on the surface of adrenergic cells and tumors derived from them. It acts as a substrate for this transporter, allowing the compound to be selectively taken up into these cells. Once inside, the radioiodinated form emits radiation that is cytotoxic to the tumor cells. The compound does not have a classical "agonist" or "antagonist" effect but serves as a carrier for therapeutic or diagnostic radioisotopes.
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| ln Vitro |
For a period of 72 hours, iobenguanidine sulfate (MIBG sulfate) (2–20 μg/ml) suppresses the growth of leukemia, fibrosarcoma, melanoma, and neuroblastoma cell lines in humans and mice [1]. Iobenguanidine sulfate, also known as MIBG sulfate, functions in the μM concentration range and is a strong modulator of endogenous mono(ADP-ribosyl)transferase in human and turkey erythrocyte membranes [2].
In vitro studies demonstrate that Iobenguane sulfate is taken up by cells expressing the norepinephrine transporter (NET). Its efficacy is evaluated by measuring the uptake of radioiodinated Iobenguane into neuroendocrine tumor cell lines. The specificity of uptake can be confirmed by competition with excess unlabeled Iobenguane or with NET inhibitors. The compound's antitumor activity is radiation-dependent, with non-radioactive Iobenguane showing little to no cytotoxic effect. |
| ln Vivo |
Antitumor activity has been demonstrated for iobenguanidine sulfate (MIBG hemisulfate) (20 mg/kg; i.p.; daily on days 3-6) [1]. Following N1E115 neuroblastoma inoculation, male AF mice were treated using the NIH new drug trial methodology, which involved injecting iodine sulfate (40 mg/kg) nine times a day. This greatly extended the mice's survival duration, but no discernible cure was found [1]. Male AF (N1Ell5) mice were injected five times a day with iobenguanidine sulfate in order to investigate its toxicity on the testicles. All animals died at 50 mg/kg body weight after 1–4 doses, while 4/16 animals died at 44 mg/kg [1].
In vivo, radioiodinated Iobenguane sulfate is clinically used for the diagnosis and treatment of adrenergic tumors. After intravenous administration, it is taken up by NET-expressing tumors, allowing for targeted imaging (with ¹²³I or ¹³¹I) or therapy (with ¹³¹I). Its biodistribution, tumor uptake, and whole-body clearance are key parameters studied in vivo to determine its efficacy and safety for radiopharmaceutical applications. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro assays for Iobenguane sulfate typically involve measuring its uptake into NET-expressing cells. Cells are incubated with radioiodinated Iobenguane (e.g., ¹²⁵I-MIBG) and various concentrations of unlabeled Iobenguane to determine specificity and affinity. The amount of cell-associated radioactivity is measured using a gamma counter. These assays are used to assess NET function and to screen for compounds that may interfere with MIBG uptake.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell proliferation assay[1]
Cell Types: 3T3, 3T3-Tl3, BHK, Py-BHK, K562, L1210, RIF1, M5A, B16, LAN-1, N1E115, CHP212 Cell Tested Concentrations: 2, 20μg/ml Incubation Duration: 72 Experimental Results: Inhibition of 3T3, 3T3-Tl3, BHK, Py-BHK, K562, L1210, RIF1, M5A, B16, LAN-1, N1E115 and CHP212 cell growth. For in vitro cell-based assays, NET-expressing neuroendocrine tumor cells (e.g., SK-N-SH, PC12) are cultured. Cells are treated with radioiodinated Iobenguane sulfate, with or without competitors or inhibitors. Cellular uptake is measured by scintillation counting. The compound's cytotoxicity is assessed by treating cells with therapeutic doses of ¹³¹I-Iobenguane and measuring cell survival using clonogenic or MTT assays. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: DBA/2 (L1210)) mice [1]
Doses: intraperitoneal (ip) injection; one time/day on days 3-6: 20 mg/kg Experimental Results: Survival was Dramatically prolonged and some cures were achieved. In vivo animal studies with Iobenguane sulfate are typically conducted in mouse xenograft models of neuroblastoma or pheochromocytoma. Radioiodinated Iobenguane is administered intravenously, and its biodistribution is measured by gamma scintigraphy or by dissecting tissues and counting radioactivity. Therapeutic efficacy is assessed by measuring tumor growth inhibition and survival in models treated with ¹³¹I-Iobenguane. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Iobenguane sulfate (CAS: 87862-25-7) has a molecular weight of 648.26 g/mol and a molecular formula of C16H22I2N6O4S. It is the hemisulfate salt. It is a white to off-white solid. The compound is stable at room temperature and is typically stored as a solid. It is a key precursor for the preparation of radioiodinated MIBG, a clinically used radiopharmaceutical for imaging and treating neuroendocrine tumors.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation
◉ Overview of Use During Lactation The information in this record pertains to the use of iodobenzylguanidine I 123 (I 123 m-iodobenzylguanidine; I 123 MIBG) as a diagnostic agent. Based on the physical half-life of I 123, the manufacturer recommends that mothers discontinue breastfeeding for at least 6 days, but 3.5 days is more reasonable based on its effective half-life. However, a subcommittee of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission recommends that breastfeeding need not be discontinued at doses not exceeding 11 mCi. If breastfeeding is discontinued, and the mother has expressed and stored breast milk before the examination, it can be fed to the infant during the period of discontinuation. Expressed breast milk during the breastfeeding interruption can be discarded or refrigerated and fed to the infant after 10 physical half-lives (approximately 5.5 days). If the mother is concerned about the level of radioactivity in her breast milk, she can request testing at a hospital's nuclear medicine center. She can resume breastfeeding when the radioactivity level is within safe limits. A method has been published for measuring the radioactivity of breast milk and determining when a mother can safely resume breastfeeding. ◉ Effects on breastfed infants No relevant published information found as of the revision date. ◉ Effects on lactation and breast milk No relevant published information found as of the revision date. The toxicity of Iobenguane sulfate is primarily associated with its radioiodinated form. The non-radioactive compound has low pharmacological toxicity. The main side effects of radioiodinated MIBG therapy are related to radiation exposure, including bone marrow suppression, nausea, and vomiting. The compound is a radiopharmaceutical precursor and is not intended for use as a non-radioactive drug. |
| References |
[1]. Loesberg C, et al. Meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG), a novel high-affinity substrate for cholera toxin that interferes with cellular mono(ADP-ribosylation). Biochim Biophys Acta. 1990 Jan 19;1037(1):92-9.
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| Additional Infomation |
guanidine analogue with specific affinity for sympathetic nervous system tissues and related tumors. Its radiolabeled form can be used as an antitumor drug and a radioimaging agent. (Merck Index, 12th Edition) MIBG is a neuronal blocking agent with strong affinity and retention for the adrenal medulla, and also inhibits ADP-ribosyltransferase.
Iobenguane sulfate (MIBG sulfate) is an aralkylguanidine analog of norepinephrine with antitumor activity. It is clinically used as a tumor-targeted radiopharmaceutical when radioiodinated. It is a high-affinity substrate for the norepinephrine transporter, allowing selective uptake into adrenergic tumors. It is not an FDA-approved non-radioactive drug but is a critical component of diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. |
| Molecular Formula |
2[C8H10N3I].H2O4S
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| Molecular Weight |
648.25668
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| Exact Mass |
647.951
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| CAS # |
87862-25-7
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| PubChem CID |
11957572
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
5.358
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
6
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
29
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| Complexity |
247
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O=S(O)(O)=O.IC1C=C(CNC(N)=N)C=CC=1
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| InChi Key |
XNACDNPGABUBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/2C8H10IN3.H2O4S/c2*9-7-3-1-2-6(4-7)5-12-8(10)11;1-5(2,3)4/h2*1-4H,5H2,(H4,10,11,12);(H2,1,2,3,4)
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| Chemical Name |
2-[(3-iodophenyl)methyl]guanidine;sulfuric acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~308.52 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.71 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.71 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.71 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.5426 mL | 7.7130 mL | 15.4259 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3085 mL | 1.5426 mL | 3.0852 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1543 mL | 0.7713 mL | 1.5426 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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