| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| Targets |
INSM-18 targets multiple molecular pathways. It directly inhibits the activation of two receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs): the insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) and the c-erbB2/HER2/neu receptor. It is a dual inhibitor of these kinases. INSM-18 also inhibits arachidonic acid 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) with an IC50 of 8 μM and, at higher concentrations, may also inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX).
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| ln Vitro |
The natural bisphenol nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) derived from the Zygophyllaceae family of plants, specifically the creosote plant, functions as a selective 5LOX inhibitor. Naturally occurring bisphenol nordihydroguaiaretic acid is a highly strong, non-toxic antagonist of TNFα-stimulated asteroid cell activation; it inhibits 5LOX. In vitro, nordihydroguaiaretic acid has an IC50 value of 8±3 μM and no toxicity at 100 μM, making it about six times more powerful than minocycline. At 800 nM nordihydroguaiaretic acid, a significant NO2-inhibition was seen. Both natural and synthesized nordihydroguaiaretic acid, as well as its toluenyl ester, showed comparable potency. With an IC50 of 841 nM, nordihydroguaiaretic acid also suppresses the synthesis of PGE 2 in TNFα-stimulated EOC-20 cells [1]. Effects of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and firesin E1 on cancer cell lines' proliferation. Different dosages of an individual chemical and the sophisticated compound 8-anilino-1-ethanesulfonate (ANS) were administered to the HepG2 cell line. Check cell viability using the MTT test after a 24-hour treatment. With an estimated IC50 of 25.888 μM, ANS demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition at 0, 10, 30, 50, 80, 100, 120, and 150 μM. The detection IC50 of nordihydroguaiaretic acid and scaffoldin E1 at various doses of 0, 30, 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140 μM were 45.646 μM and 41.223 μM, respectively [2].
INSM-18 demonstrates a broad range of in vitro activities. It inhibits IGF-1R and HER2/neu receptor tyrosine kinases, leading to decreased proliferation of susceptible tumor cell populations. It inhibits 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) with an IC50 of 8 μM. It also inhibits androgen-stimulated growth of prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, it can induce apoptosis in tumor cells by disrupting the actin cytoskeleton and activating stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs). |
| ln Vivo |
The high-dose nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) diet group began to lose weight significantly at 9 weeks, while the low-dose group started to lose weight at 12 weeks, in comparison to the postgraduate ob/ob diet group. Treatment with nordihydroguaiaretic acid raises the ob/ob body weight (rectal) temperature, particularly when the dose of the acid is high [3].
INSM-18 has been evaluated in clinical trials for its anticancer potential. It is an orally bioavailable compound. In a Phase I-II trial, it showed modest PSA responses in patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer. It has also been used as a topical treatment for actinic keratoses (precancerous skin growths) under the name Masoprocol. |
| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro activity of INSM-18 can be assessed using various assays. Kinase activity assays using purified IGF-1R or HER2/neu can measure the compound's ability to inhibit their phosphorylation. 5-LOX inhibition can be measured using standard enzyme activity assays with arachidonic acid as a substrate. Cell proliferation assays using cancer cell lines can assess its antiproliferative effects.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for INSM-18 involve treating cancer cell lines, such as prostate cancer cells, with the compound. The inhibition of IGF-1R and HER2/neu phosphorylation is assessed by Western blotting. The induction of apoptosis is measured by flow cytometry using Annexin V staining or by assessing caspase activation. Its effects on cell proliferation are measured using MTT or similar assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo efficacy of INSM-18 has been evaluated in clinical trials for prostate cancer. It is an orally bioavailable compound. In animal models, it has shown antitumor activity. Its topical formulation, Masoprocol, has been used in clinical studies for actinic keratoses.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
INSM-18 has a molecular weight of 302.36 g/mol and a molecular formula of C18H22O4. It is a solid powder with a purity of >98%. It is soluble in DMSO but not in water. It should be stored in a dry, dark place at 0-4°C for short-term storage or at -20°C for long-term storage.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
INSM-18 is a research compound and is not intended for human use. Its toxicological profile is not extensively characterized in the available literature. As a 5-LOX inhibitor and a compound that affects multiple pathways, it may have a range of potential side effects. Standard safety precautions should be followed when handling.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid is a tetraol with a butane structure, substituted at positions 2 and 3 with 3,4-dihydroxybenzyl groups. Masoprocol is a meso compound found in the leaves of the shrub Larrea divaricata, and is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor. It possesses antioxidant, plant metabolism-inhibiting, ferroptosis-inhibiting, and anti-aging effects. It belongs to the catechol, tetraol, and lignan classes of compounds. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid has been reported to exist in Arabidopsis thaliana, Magnolia sinica, and other organisms with relevant data. It is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. This compound also weakly inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase. It also acts as an antioxidant in fats and oils. See also: Masoprocol (note moved to).
INSM-18 (Nordihydroguaiaretic acid, NDGA, Masoprocol) is a naturally occurring compound with a wide range of biological activities. It is a dual inhibitor of IGF-1R and HER2/neu receptor tyrosine kinases and also inhibits 5-LOX. It has been studied for its anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. It has been evaluated in clinical trials for prostate cancer and as a topical treatment for actinic keratoses. |
| Molecular Formula |
C18H22O4
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| Molecular Weight |
302.36488
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| Exact Mass |
302.151
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| CAS # |
500-38-9
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| Related CAS # |
500-38-9 (stereoisomers);27686-84-6 (RS-isomer);500-38-9 (NGDA);180634-64-4 (pivalate);
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| PubChem CID |
4534
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| Appearance |
White to yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
526.5±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
184-189ºC
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| Flash Point |
247.8±23.3 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.4 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.627
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| LogP |
3.71
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
22
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| Complexity |
303
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
HCZKYJDFEPMADG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C18H22O4/c1-11(7-13-3-5-15(19)17(21)9-13)12(2)8-14-4-6-16(20)18(22)10-14/h3-6,9-12,19-22H,7-8H2,1-2H3
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| Chemical Name |
4-[4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dimethylbutyl]benzene-1,2-diol
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| Synonyms |
INSM-18, INSM 18, masoprocol, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, NDGA, actinex.; INSM18
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~250 mg/mL (~826.83 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.88 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.88 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.88 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.3073 mL | 16.5366 mL | 33.0732 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6615 mL | 3.3073 mL | 6.6146 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3307 mL | 1.6537 mL | 3.3073 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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