Indirubin (NSC 105327; Couroupitine B)

Alias: NSC 105327; Couroupitine B; C.I. 73200; Indigo red; Indigopurpurin; NSC-105327; NSC 105327; NSC105327
Cat No.:V0225 Purity: ≥98%
Indirubin(also known as NSC-105327; Couroupitine B)is a potent and selective inhibitor of CDK (cyclin-dependent kinases) and GSK-3β(glycogen synthase kinase-3)with potential antitumor activity.
Indirubin (NSC 105327; Couroupitine B) Chemical Structure CAS No.: 479-41-4
Product category: GSK-3
This product is for research use only, not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
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Other Forms of Indirubin (NSC 105327; Couroupitine B):

  • Indirubin-3′-monoxime
Official Supplier of:
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Purity & Quality Control Documentation

Purity: ≥98%

Product Description

Indirubin (also known as NSC-105327; Couroupitine B) is a potent and selective inhibitor of CDK (cyclin-dependent kinases) and GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase-3) with potential antitumor activity. It blocks CDK and GSK-3β with IC50 values of approximately 5 M and 0.6 M, respectively. The main component of the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Danggui Longhui Wan, indurarubin, is a naturally occurring substance.

Biological Activity I Assay Protocols (From Reference)
Targets
GSK-3β (IC50 = 0.6 μM ); CDK2/CyclinA (IC50 = 2.2 μM); CDK5/p35 (IC50 = 5.5 μM); CDK1/CyclinB (IC50 = 10 μM); CDK4/CyclinD1 (IC50 = 12 μM)
ln Vitro
Indirubin (Couroupitine B) significantly reduces Td-EC angiogenesis, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis[1].
ln Vivo
In a dose-dependent manner, indorubin (Couroupitine B) (12.5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injected; once a day for 14 days) may lessen the pathological alterations[3].
Cell Assay
Indirubin exerted its inhibitory effects not only on interferon-γ production by human myelomonocytic HBL-38 cells but also on interferon-γ and interleukin-σ production by murine splenocytes with no influence on the proliferation of either cells.
Animal Protocol
Male mice (C57BL/6)
12.5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg
Indirubin (12.5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injected; once a day for 14 days)
References

[1]. Indirubin, a purple 3,2- bisindole, inhibited allergic contact dermatitis via regulating T helper (Th)-mediated immune system in DNCB-induced model. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013 Jan 9;145(1):214-9.

[2]. Indirubin, an acting component of indigo naturalis, inhibits EGFR activation and EGF-induced CDC25B gene expression in epidermal keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci. 2012 Aug;67(2):140-6.

[3]. Indirubin inhibits tumor growth by antitumor angiogenesis via blocking VEGFR2-mediated JAK/STAT3 signaling in endothelial cell. Int J Cancer. 2011 Nov 15;129(10):2502-11.

[4]. Indirubin shows anti-angiogenic activity in an in vivo zebrafish model and an in vitro HUVEC model. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Sep 15;131(2):242-7.

[5]. Indirubin inhibits cell proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis in tumor-derived endothelial cells. OncoTargets and therapy vol. 11 2937-2944. 18 May. 2018.

[6]. Indirubin, a bis-indole alkaloid binds to tubulin and exhibits antimitotic activity against HeLa cells in synergism with vinblastine. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018 Sep;105:506-517.

[7]. Indirubin alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by suppressing fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation. Biomedicine pharmacotherapy vol. 131 (2020): 110715.

These protocols are for reference only. InvivoChem does not independently validate these methods.
Physicochemical Properties
Molecular Formula
C16H10N2O2
Molecular Weight
262.2628
Exact Mass
262.0742
Elemental Analysis
C, 73.27; H, 3.84; N, 10.68; O, 12.20
CAS #
479-41-4
Related CAS #
Indirubin-3'-monoxime;160807-49-8
Appearance
Red solid powder
SMILES
O([H])C1=C(C2C(C3=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C3N=2)=O)C2=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C2N1[H]
InChi Key
CRDNMYFJWFXOCH-YPKPFQOOSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C16H10N2O2/c19-15-10-6-2-4-8-12(10)17-14(15)13-9-5-1-3-7-11(9)18-16(13)20/h1-8,17H,(H,18,20)/b14-13-
Chemical Name
3-(1,3-Dihydro-3-oxo-2H-indol-2-ylidene)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one
Synonyms
NSC 105327; Couroupitine B; C.I. 73200; Indigo red; Indigopurpurin; NSC-105327; NSC 105327; NSC105327
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Storage

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Shipping Condition
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
Solubility Data
Solubility (In Vitro)
DMSO: ~53 mg/mL (~202.1 mM)
Water: <1 mg/mL
Ethanol: <1 mg/mL
Solubility (In Vivo)
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1 mg/mL (3.81 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 +5% Tween-80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 10.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL of PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL of Tween-80 + to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL of normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)
Preparing Stock Solutions 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 3.8130 mL 19.0650 mL 38.1301 mL
5 mM 0.7626 mL 3.8130 mL 7.6260 mL
10 mM 0.3813 mL 1.9065 mL 3.8130 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.

Calculator

Molarity Calculator allows you to calculate the mass, volume, and/or concentration required for a solution, as detailed below:

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An example of molarity calculation using the molarity calculator is shown below:
What is the mass of compound required to make a 10 mM stock solution in 5 ml of DMSO given that the molecular weight of the compound is 350.26 g/mol?
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  • The answer of 17.513 mg appears in the Mass box. In a similar way, you may calculate the volume and concentration.

Dilution Calculator allows you to calculate how to dilute a stock solution of known concentrations. For example, you may Enter C1, C2 & V2 to calculate V1, as detailed below:

What volume of a given 10 mM stock solution is required to make 25 ml of a 25 μM solution?
Using the equation C1V1 = C2V2, where C1=10 mM, C2=25 μM, V2=25 ml and V1 is the unknown:
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  • The answer of 62.5 μL (0.1 ml) appears in the Volume (Start) box
g/mol

Molecular Weight Calculator allows you to calculate the molar mass and elemental composition of a compound, as detailed below:

Note: Chemical formula is case sensitive: C12H18N3O4  c12h18n3o4
Instructions to calculate molar mass (molecular weight) of a chemical compound:
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Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:
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  • Molar mass (molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.
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Reconstitution Calculator allows you to calculate the volume of solvent required to reconstitute your vial.

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  • The answer appears in the Volume (to add to vial) box
In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal to make allowance for loss during the experiment)
Step 2: Enter in vivo formulation (This is only a calculator, not the exact formulation for a specific product. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation in the solubility section.)
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Calculation results

Working concentration mg/mL;

Method for preparing DMSO stock solution mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation:Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.

(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
             (2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.

Clinical Trial Information
NCT Number Recruitment interventions Conditions Sponsor/Collaborators Start Date Phases
NCT01735864 Completed Drug: Indirubin 10 μg/g
Drug: Indirubin 50 μg/g
Psoriasis Vulgaris Chang Gung Memorial Hospital November 2012
NCT02088281 Completed Drug: Indigo naturalis
extract in oil ointment
Psoriasis Vulgaris Chang Gung Memorial Hospital November 2012 Phase 2
NCT03614221 Completed Drug: Protopic ointment 0.1%
Drug: Lindioil ointment
Atopic Dermatitis Chang Gung Memorial Hospital June 3, 2019 Phase 2
NCT02669888 Completed Drug: Indigo naturalis ointment
Drug: Placebo
Atopic Dermatitis Chang Gung Memorial Hospital October 2015 Phase 2
NCT02200978 Completed Drug: ATO
Drug: 6MP
Childhood Acute Promyelocytic
Leukemia
South China Children's Leukemia
Group
September 2011 Phase 4
Biological Data
  • Indirubin

    J Biol Chem. 2001 Jan 5;276(1):251-60.

  • Indirubin

    Indirubin inhibits TNF-induced expression of NF-κB-dependent antiapoptotic, proliferative, and metastatic proteins.

  • Indirubin

    Indirubin enhances TNF-induced cytotoxicity.

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