| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
Hypoxanthine is a purine derivative that serves as a potential free radical generator. It is a marker for energy perturbation in hypoxia/ischemia. Hypoxanthine plays a role in posthypoxic reoxygenation cell injury via oxygen radical production. It is involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Hypoxanthine is structurally similar to adenine and is a biomarker of ischemia.
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| ln Vitro |
Hypoxanthine has the ability to produce free radicals. Hypoxanthine is involved in the pathophysiology of numerous disorders because it seems to contribute to the formation of oxygen free radicals that cause harm to reoxygenated cells following hypoxia. Because it inhibits phosphodiesterases in the brain and interacts with benzodiazepine receptors, hypoxanthine also controls a wide range of other physiological functions. The effectiveness of several cytotoxic medications may be impacted by hypoxanthine's inhibition of their effects [1].
In vitro, Hypoxanthine is a potential free radical generator. It is involved in the pathophysiology of various diseases. Hypoxanthine has been used in DNA studies to investigate the destabilizing effect it has on DNA duplexes containing hypoxanthine as a base. Its in vitro activity is characterized by its ability to produce free radicals and its role in nucleic acid metabolism. |
| ln Vivo |
It was discovered that the amount of hypoxanthine in pig plasma increased linearly with the length of hypoxemia, with no distinction between venous and arterial plasma. Hypoxanthine is positively correlated with pH, lactic acid, and alkali shortage. It is also directly correlated with survival time and elevated plasma hypoxanthine. The rate of hypoxanthine increase was inversely connected with survival time (r=-0.62). At 125 pM/L of hypoxanthine, every animal perished. Consequently, when compared to alkali deficit, an increase in hypoxanthine indicates the prognosis of acute hypoxia [1].
In vivo, Hypoxanthine is a biomarker of ischemia and is used in malaria research as an essential nutrient for P. falciparum. It can enable stem cell expansion. Hypoxanthine is involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases through oxygen radical production. It is a marker for energy perturbation in hypoxia/ischemia. Its in vivo role is related to its metabolic functions and its involvement in oxidative stress. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for Hypoxanthine are not typical, as it is a metabolite rather than a drug that targets specific enzymes. However, its role as a substrate for xanthine oxidase can be studied using enzymatic assays. Hypoxanthine is converted to xanthine and uric acid by xanthine oxidase, producing reactive oxygen species. These assays provide insights into its role in oxidative stress.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for Hypoxanthine typically involve studying its effects on cells under hypoxic or reoxygenation conditions. Hypoxanthine plays a role in posthypoxic reoxygenation cell injury via oxygen radical production. These cell-based studies demonstrate its involvement in oxidative stress and cell injury. It can also be used as a nutrient in cell culture media.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal models for Hypoxanthine may include models of ischemia, hypoxia, or malaria. Hypoxanthine is a biomarker of ischemia and is used in malaria research as an essential nutrient for P. falciparum. Animal models are used to study its role in these conditions. However, detailed animal protocol information is limited. Hypoxanthine is primarily used as a research tool.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Hypoxanthine has a molecular formula of C5H4N4O and a molecular weight of 136.11. Its CAS number is 68-94-0. The compound is also known as 6-Hydroxypurine and Purin-6-ol. It is a purine derivative and a potential free radical generator. Hypoxanthine is a marker for energy perturbation in hypoxia/ischemia and a biomarker of ischemia.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Hypoxanthine is an endogenous metabolite with a well-established safety profile. As a naturally occurring compound, it is generally well-tolerated at physiological concentrations. However, it can contribute to oxidative stress through free radical generation. The compound should be handled with appropriate safety precautions in laboratory settings. Hypoxanthine is for research use only and is not approved for human therapeutic use.
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| References |
[1]. Saugstad OD, et al. Hypoxanthine as an indicator of hypoxia: its role in health and disease through free radical production. Pediatr Res. 1988 Feb;23(2):143-50.
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| Additional Infomation |
Hypoxanthine is a purine nucleobase composed of a purine with an oxygen substituent at the 6-position. It is an important metabolite. It is an oxopurine, a purine nucleobase, and a nucleobase analog. Functionally, it is related to adenine. Hypoxanthine is a purine and a reaction intermediate in adenosine metabolism and nucleic acid salvage pathway synthesis. Hypoxanthine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (K12 strain, MG1655 strain). Hypoxanthine is a purine-like organic compound found in human muscle tissue. It is formed during purine catabolism, a product of xanthine oxidase acting on xanthine, and occasionally also found in nucleic acids. The potent anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects of purine compounds may be mediated by adenosine receptors on the cell surface. Hypoxanthine protects cells from oxidative-induced damage by inhibiting the activation of nucleopolymerase (PARP). (NCI04) Hypoxanthine is a metabolite found or produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is a purine and a reaction intermediate in nucleic acid synthesis during adenosine metabolism and salvage pathways.
Hypoxanthine (CAS# 68-94-0) is a purine derivative and a potential free radical generator that can serve as an indicator of hypoxia. It is a marker for energy perturbation in hypoxia/ischemia. Hypoxanthine plays a role in posthypoxic reoxygenation cell injury via oxygen radical production and is a biomarker of ischemia. The compound is for research use only and not for human therapeutic use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C5H4N4O
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
136.11
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| Exact Mass |
136.038
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| CAS # |
68-94-0
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| PubChem CID |
135398638
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| Appearance |
Off-white to pink solid powder
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| Density |
1.7±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
551.0±30.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
>300 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
287.0±24.6 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.5 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.816
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| LogP |
-0.91
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
10
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| Complexity |
190
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O=C1C2=C(N=C([H])N1[H])N=C([H])N2[H]
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| InChi Key |
FDGQSTZJBFJUBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H4N4O/c10-5-3-4(7-1-6-3)8-2-9-5/h1-2H,(H2,6,7,8,9,10)
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| Chemical Name |
1,7-dihydropurin-6-one
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| Synonyms |
Hypoxanthine; 6-Hydroxypurine; 1,7-Dihydro-6H-purin-6-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~10 mg/mL (~73.47 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 25 mg/mL (183.67 mM) in 0.5% CMC-Na/saline water (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with sonication.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 7.3470 mL | 36.7350 mL | 73.4700 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.4694 mL | 7.3470 mL | 14.6940 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.7347 mL | 3.6735 mL | 7.3470 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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