| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Hypotaurine targets various cellular processes. It is a precursor to taurine and is involved in the regulation of oxidative stress. It acts as an antioxidant by scavenging reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. It may also modulate calcium signaling and neurotransmitter release. It is an activator of certain enzymes and may have anti-inflammatory effects.
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| ln Vitro |
Cells contain hypotaurine and taurine in their cytoplasmic compartment. Taurine to hypotaurine has a ratio of roughly 50:1. Taurine's cytoplasmic concentration is about. 50 mm. Hypotaurine concentrations are lowered by 80% when opsonized zymosan is applied to resting neutrophils, converting them into breathing cells [1]. By inhibiting prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 competitively, hypotaurine triggers hypoxia signaling. As a result, glioma cell invasion and proliferation are increased and hypoxia signaling is activated [2].
In vitro, hypotaurine has been shown to protect cells from oxidative stress and apoptosis. It can scavenge hypochlorous acid and other reactive species. It has been studied in various cell types, including neuronal cells, retinal cells, and immune cells. It can modulate inflammatory cytokine production and reduce cell death. |
| ln Vivo |
In the spinal cord, hypotaurine has antinociceptive effects on mechanical, chemical, and thermal nociception. Hypotaurine decreased thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in CCI rats. Pain that is neuropathic, inflammatory, and acute is suppressed by intrathecal hypotaurine. By stimulating spinal cord glycine neurons, hypotaurine can modify nociceptive physiological transmission [3].
In vivo, hypotaurine has been studied for its protective effects in various disease models, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory conditions. It is a precursor to taurine and may exert some of its effects through taurine. It has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. |
| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cellular enzyme assays, hypotaurine can be tested for antioxidant activity using various assays, including the ability to scavenge hypochlorous acid, peroxynitrite, and other reactive species. It can be used to measure the activity of enzymes involved in taurine biosynthesis, such as cysteine dioxygenase and cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell-based assays, cells are cultured and treated with hypotaurine. Cell viability, oxidative stress markers, and inflammatory cytokine production are assessed. Apoptosis can be evaluated using flow cytometry and caspase activity assays. The compound's protective effects against oxidative stress can be studied.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal studies, hypotaurine can be administered via intraperitoneal injection, oral gavage, or in the diet. Animal models of ischemia-reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammation can be used. Oxidative stress markers, tissue damage, and functional outcomes are assessed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties include solubility in water and DMSO. It is a small molecule and is rapidly absorbed and distributed. It is metabolized to taurine by hypotaurine dehydrogenase. It has a short half-life. Storage is typically at -20°C. It is a solid and should be handled with standard laboratory precautions.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for hypotaurine is limited. As a naturally occurring metabolite, it is generally considered safe. No significant toxicity has been reported at physiological concentrations. High doses may cause adverse effects. It is not for human use in research settings.
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| References |
[1]. Green TR, et al. Antioxidant role and subcellular location of hypotaurine and taurine in human neutrophils. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1991 Jan 23;1073(1):91-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1846756
[2]. Gao P, et al. Hypotaurine evokes a malignant phenotype in glioma through aberrant hypoxic signaling. Oncotarget. 2016 Mar 22;7(12):15200-14. [3]. Hara K, et al. Antinociceptive effect of intrathecal administration of hypotaurine in rat models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Amino Acids. 2012 Jul;43(1):397-404. Hara K, et al. Antinociceptive effect of intrathecal administration of hypotaurine |
| Additional Infomation |
Taurine is an aminosulfinic acid composed of ethylamine with a sulfonic acid group at the 2-position. It is a metabolite found in humans and mice. It is the conjugate acid of taurine (1-) and also a tautomer of the zwitterionic taurine. Taurine is present in or produced by Escherichia coli (K12 strain, MG1655 strain). Taurine has been reported in Homo sapiens, cattle, and other organisms with relevant data.
Hypotaurine is a naturally occurring sulfinic acid and an intermediate in taurine biosynthesis. It has antioxidant and cytoprotective properties. It scavenges reactive species and protects cells from oxidative stress. It has been studied for its protective effects in various disease models. It is a precursor to taurine and plays roles in metabolism and cellular protection. |
| Molecular Formula |
C2H7NO2S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
109.14748
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| Exact Mass |
109.019
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| CAS # |
300-84-5
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| PubChem CID |
107812
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.5±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
354.9±44.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
168.5±28.4 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.7 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.616
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| LogP |
-2.03
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
6
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| Complexity |
55.5
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
VVIUBCNYACGLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C2H7NO2S/c3-1-2-6(4)5/h1-3H2,(H,4,5)
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| Chemical Name |
2-aminoethanesulfinic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~125 mg/mL (~1145.21 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 100 mg/mL (916.17 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 9.1617 mL | 45.8085 mL | 91.6170 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.8323 mL | 9.1617 mL | 18.3234 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.9162 mL | 4.5809 mL | 9.1617 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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