Hyodeoxycholic acid

Alias: HDCA; Hyodeoxycholic acid

Cat No.:V29159 Purity: ≥98%

COA Product Data Instructions for use SDS

Hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA), a secondary metabolite of bile acid and one of the metabolic byproducts produced by intestinal bacteria, is TGR5 (GPCR19) agonist (EC50 = 0.82 μM).

Hyodeoxycholic acid Chemical Structure CAS No.: 83-49-8
Product category: GPCR19

This product is for research use only, not for human use. We do not sell to patients.

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Product Description
Bioactivity & Protocols
Physicochemical Properties
Solubility Data
Calculators

Product Description

Hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA), a secondary metabolite of bile acid and one of the metabolic byproducts produced by intestinal bacteria, is TGR5 (GPCR19) agonist (EC50 = 0.82 μM).

Biological Activity I Assay Protocols (From Reference)

Targets	Microbial Metabolite; Human Endogenous Metabolite
ln Vitro	Hyodeoxycholic acid is a secondary hydrophilic bile acid formed in the small intestine by disrupted bacterial flora. As a TGR5 agonist, its EC50 in CHO cells is 31.6 μM [1]. Hyodeoxycholic acid (50, 100 μM) increases the expression of genes (Abca1, Abcg1 and Apoe) involved in RAW 264.7 cell resection [2].
ln Vivo	Hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA; 1.25% (wt/wt)) significantly reduced fat mass and increased lean body mass in LDLRKO but did not increase serum levels of any organ toxicity markers. Hyodeoxycholic acid blocks atherosclerotic lymphoma lesions at multiple sites in LDLRKO, improves constipation lipoprotein profiles, reduces cholesterol levels and blocks cholesterol absorption efficiency, and increases daily cholesterol excretion through fecal respiration. Hyodeoxycholic acid also improves HDL function, which can be accomplished simply by cholesterol interruption assay [2].
Animal Protocol	Mice: Eight weeks of a Western diet (21% fat, 0.15% cholesterol; TD.88137) is given to eight-week-old female LDLRKO mice in order to conduct atherosclerosis studies. In order to measure the lesions in the innominate artery and the aortic root region, one group of mice (the baseline group) is put to death at this time. In the baseline group, an atherosclerotic lesion involving the entire aorta is not investigated. Prior to their demise, the surviving mice are split into two groups and given the subsequent diets for an additional 15 weeks: group 1, which is a chow diet with 5% fat (AIN-76A Rodent Diet); and group 2, which is a chow diet plus 1.25% (wt/wt) hydroxycholic acid. For other studies, 8-wk-old female LDLRKO mice are fed a chow diet or chow diet + 1.25% Hyodeoxycholic acid for 3 wk before phenotype measurements. Weekly records are kept on food intake and body weight. By using Bruker Minispec software with Eco Medical Systems software, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to measure the lean mass and total body fat mass of animals[2].
References	[1]. Novel potent and selective bile acid derivatives as TGR5 agonists: biological screening, structure-activity relationships, and molecular modeling studies. J Med Chem. 2008 Mar 27;51(6):1831-41. [2]. Hyodeoxycholic acid improves HDL function and inhibits atherosclerotic lesion formation in LDLR-knockout mice. FASEB J. 2013 Sep;27(9):3805-17.

These protocols are for reference only. InvivoChem does not independently validate these methods.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C24H40O4
Molecular Weight	392.5720
Exact Mass	392.29
CAS #	83-49-8
Related CAS #	Murideoxycholic acid; 668-49-5; Hyodeoxycholic acid sodium; 10421-49-5; Hyodeoxycholic acid-d5
Appearance	Powder
SMILES	C[C@H](CCC(=O)O)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2C[C@@H]([C@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H](C4)O)C)O)C
InChi Key	DGABKXLVXPYZII-SIBKNCMHSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C24H40O4/c1-14(4-7-22(27)28)17-5-6-18-16-13-21(26)20-12-15(25)8-10-24(20,3)19(16)9-11-23(17,18)2/h14-21,25-26H,4-13H2,1-3H3,(H,27,28)/t14-,15-,16+,17-,18+,19+,20+,21+,23-,24-/m1/s1
Chemical Name	(4R)-4-[(3R,5R,6S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-3,6-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanoic acid
Synonyms	HDCA; Hyodeoxycholic acid
Storage	Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)	DMSO: 78~100 mg/mL (198.7~254.7 mM) Ethanol: ~78 mg/mL
Solubility (In Vivo)	Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.37 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.37 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.37 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO: 78~100 mg/mL (198.7~254.7 mM)
Ethanol: ~78 mg/mL

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.37 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.37 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

View More

Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.37 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.

(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	2.5473 mL	12.7366 mL	25.4732 mL
	5 mM	0.5095 mL	2.5473 mL	5.0946 mL
	10 mM	0.2547 mL	1.2737 mL	2.5473 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.

Calculator

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Molarity Calculator allows you to calculate the mass, volume, and/or concentration required for a solution, as detailed below:

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See Example

An example of molarity calculation using the molarity calculator is shown below:
What is the mass of compound required to make a 10 mM stock solution in 5 ml of DMSO given that the molecular weight of the compound is 350.26 g/mol?

Enter 350.26 in the Molecular Weight (MW) box
Enter 10 in the Concentration box and choose the correct unit (mM)
Enter 5 in the Volume box and choose the correct unit (mL)
Click the “Calculate” button
The answer of 17.513 mg appears in the Mass box. In a similar way, you may calculate the volume and concentration.

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Dilution Calculator allows you to calculate how to dilute a stock solution of known concentrations. For example, you may Enter C1, C2 & V2 to calculate V1, as detailed below:

What volume of a given 10 mM stock solution is required to make 25 ml of a 25 μM solution?
Using the equation C1V1 = C2V2, where C1=10 mM, C2=25 μM, V2=25 ml and V1 is the unknown:

Enter 10 into the Concentration (Start) box and choose the correct unit (mM)
Enter 25 into the Concentration (End) box and select the correct unit (mM)
Enter 25 into the Volume (End) box and choose the correct unit (mL)
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The answer of 62.5 μL (0.1 ml) appears in the Volume (Start) box

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Molecular Weight Calculator allows you to calculate the molar mass and elemental composition of a compound, as detailed below:

Note: Chemical formula is case sensitive: C12H18N3O4 c12h18n3o4
Instructions to calculate molar mass (molecular weight) of a chemical compound:

To calculate molar mass of a chemical compound, please enter the chemical/molecular formula and click the “Calculate’ button.

Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:

Molecular mass (or molecular weight) is the mass of one molecule of a substance and is expressed in the unified atomic mass units (u). (1 u is equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12)
Molar mass (molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.

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Reconstitution Calculator allows you to calculate the volume of solvent required to reconstitute your vial.

Enter the mass of the reagent and the desired reconstitution concentration as well as the correct units
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The answer appears in the Volume (to add to vial) box

In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)

Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal to make allowance for loss during the experiment)

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Step 2: Enter in vivo formulation (This is only a calculator, not the exact formulation for a specific product. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation in the solubility section.)

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Calculation results

Working concentration： mg/mL；

Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH₂O，mix and clarify.

Note： (1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.