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| ln Vitro |
When pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α) are exposed to hydroxytyrosol (DOPET), the expression of cyclooxygen synthase 2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is reduced by about 60% [1]. DOPET (hydroxytyrosol) inhibits DNA oxidation, creates cycle tides, disinfects cells, and arrests cells [1].
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Hydroxytyrosol is a catechol compound with a structure of phenyl-1,2-diol substituted with a 2-hydroxyethyl group at the 4-position. It was isolated from olive (Olea europaea) and possesses antioxidant and antitumor activities. Hydroxytyrosol is both a metabolite and an antioxidant and antitumor agent. It belongs to the catechol class of compounds and is a primary alcohol. Its structure is similar to 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol. Hydroxytyrosol has been used in clinical trials for breast cancer prevention. It has been reported to exist in Rehmannia glutinosa, Fraxinus americana, and other organisms with relevant data. Hydroxytyrosol is a phenolic phytochemical naturally found in extra virgin olive oil and has potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cancer-preventive activities. Although the specific mechanisms by which hydroxytyrosol exerts its effects are not fully elucidated, this substance may affect the expression of various components in the inflammatory response by regulating the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. Its functions include regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as inhibiting interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); increasing the secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10; and inhibiting the production of certain chemokines, such as CXC motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10/IP-10), CC motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2/MCP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (CCL4/MIP-1β). Hydroxytyrosol can inhibit the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS/NOS2) and prostaglandin E2 synthase (PGES), thereby preventing the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), respectively. In addition, hydroxytyrosol can also regulate the expression of other genes involved in the regulation of tumor cell proliferation, such as extracellular signal-regulated kinases and cyclin-dependent kinases. Simultaneously, hydroxytyrosol can scavenge free radicals and prevent oxidative DNA damage. This can induce apoptosis in susceptible cancer cells and inhibit their proliferation.
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| Molecular Formula |
C8H10O3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
154.1632
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| Exact Mass |
154.062
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| CAS # |
10597-60-1
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| Related CAS # |
Hydroxytyrosol-d4;1330260-89-3;Hydroxytyrosol-d5
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| PubChem CID |
82755
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
355.4±27.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
182.6±18.3 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.8 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.623
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| LogP |
0.02
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
11
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| Complexity |
116
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
JUUBCHWRXWPFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H10O3/c9-4-3-6-1-2-7(10)8(11)5-6/h1-2,5,9-11H,3-4H2
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| Chemical Name |
4-(2-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,2-diol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~125 mg/mL (~810.85 mM)
H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~648.68 mM) Ethanol : ~50 mg/mL (~324.34 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (13.49 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (13.49 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (13.49 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.4868 mL | 32.4338 mL | 64.8677 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.2974 mL | 6.4868 mL | 12.9735 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6487 mL | 3.2434 mL | 6.4868 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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