| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Hinokinin targets multiple cellular pathways. It is known to inhibit the NF-kappaB signaling pathway, reducing inflammation. It also induces apoptosis in cancer cells by activating caspases and disrupting mitochondrial membrane potential. In trypanosomal models, hinokinin targets trypanothione reductase and other metabolic enzymes essential for parasite survival.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Hinokinin demonstrates significant antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity against various cancer cell lines, including breast (MCF-7), lung (A549), and colon (HCT-116) cancers, with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. It induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. It also exhibits antiviral activity against dengue virus and anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo animal studies show that hinokinin possesses antitumor activity in xenograft models. It has been shown to reduce tumor growth in mice bearing human cancer xenografts. Its anti-inflammatory activity has been demonstrated in carrageenan-induced paw edema models. It is also effective in reducing parasitemia in animal models of Chagas disease.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays are not typical for natural products. Target engagement is assessed by measuring NF-kappaB activity using a luciferase reporter assay. Trypanothione reductase inhibition is measured spectrophotometrically. Caspase activity is measured using fluorogenic substrates in cell lysates.
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| Cell Assay |
Cancer cell lines (e.g., MCF-7, A549) are cultured and treated with hinokinin (typically 1-100 uM for 24-72 hours). Cell viability is assessed by MTT assay. Apoptosis is measured by Annexin V/PI staining, caspase-3/7 activity, and mitochondrial membrane potential (JC-1 staining). Cell cycle analysis is performed by flow cytometry.
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| Animal Protocol |
For xenograft models, cancer cells are implanted subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. Once tumors reach a certain size, hinokinin is administered intraperitoneally (e.g., 25 mg/kg daily). Tumor volumes are measured. Tumors are harvested for histology and biomarker analysis. For Chagas disease models, T. cruzi-infected mice receive oral or intraperitoneal hinokinin.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Detailed PK parameters for hinokinin are not extensively documented. As a natural lignan with a molecular weight of 354.4 g/mol, its oral bioavailability is likely moderate. Standard ADME studies have not been publicly reported. The compound is primarily used in preclinical research.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for hinokinin are limited. As a natural product from edible plants, it is considered to have a relatively low toxicity profile. In animal studies, no significant acute toxicity has been reported at the doses used for efficacy. Comprehensive toxicology studies are not publicly available.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Juniperin is a lignan with the structure dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (γ-butyrolactone), substituted at positions 3 and 4 with 3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl groups (3R,4R-diastereomers). It is a trypanosome-killing agent. Juniperin is a lignan, γ-lactone, belonging to the benzodioxane class of compounds. It has been reported to exist in Aristolochia triangularis, Eleutherococcus divaricatus, and other organisms with relevant data.
Hinokinin is a chiral molecule, and both the (+)- and (-)-enantiomers exist in nature. It is often used as a reference standard for the analysis of Piper species. It is a research tool for studying natural product pharmacology and is not an approved clinical drug. The compound is often sold as a mixture of enantiomers or as the pure natural product. |
| Molecular Formula |
C20H18O6
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
354.35332
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| Exact Mass |
354.11
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| CAS # |
26543-89-5
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| PubChem CID |
442879
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.388g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
548.983°C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
243.211°C
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| LogP |
2.718
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
26
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| Complexity |
524
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
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| SMILES |
C1[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O1)CC2=CC3=C(C=C2)OCO3)CC4=CC5=C(C=C4)OCO5
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| InChi Key |
DDWGQGZPYDSYEL-LSDHHAIUSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C20H18O6/c21-20-15(6-13-2-4-17-19(8-13)26-11-24-17)14(9-22-20)5-12-1-3-16-18(7-12)25-10-23-16/h1-4,7-8,14-15H,5-6,9-11H2/t14-,15+/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(3R,4R)-3,4-bis(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)oxolan-2-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~282.21 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.06 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.06 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.06 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.8221 mL | 14.1103 mL | 28.2207 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5644 mL | 2.8221 mL | 5.6441 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2822 mL | 1.4110 mL | 2.8221 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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