Buprofezin has a half-life of 3.43 to 3.59 days and dissipates easily in strawberries [1]. Tetranychus uritcae and Panonychus ulmi larvae are poisonous to hexythiazox, having LC50 values of 0.15-0.58 mg AI/L and 0.23-0.62 mg AI/L, respectively [2].

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Five male and five female Fischer F344 rats (10 weeks old) in each of three groups were given a single oral dose of [thiazolidin-5-(14)C]hexazolidinazole (specific activity 6.6 mCi/mmol; purity >99%). Three different dosing regimens included: a single oral dose of a lower dose (10 mg/kg body weight), a single oral dose of a lower dose following 14 oral doses of unlabeled hexazolidinazole, and a single oral dose of a higher dose (880 mg/kg body weight). The lower dose was equivalent to approximately 50 μCi/kg body weight, and the higher dose was equivalent to approximately 90 μCi/kg body weight. Due to the limited solubility of hexazolidinazole in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), DMSO was chosen as the solvent for the low-dose group, while olive oil was chosen as the solvent for the high-dose group. …In the 10 mg/kg body weight group (groups B and C), the peak plasma radioactivity concentration occurred approximately 3–4 hours after administration; in the 880 mg/kg body weight group (group D), the peak plasma radioactivity concentration occurred 12 hours after administration. At this time, the mean plasma radioactivity concentrations in groups B and C were 1.8–2.2 ppm for males and 2.3–2.6 ppm for females, respectively; and in group D, they were 37 ppm for males and 27 ppm for females, respectively, indicating that absorption in the high-dose groups had reached saturation. At 72 or 96 hours after administration, approximately 0.1 ppm of radioactivity remained in the plasma of groups B and C; the radioactivity concentration in group D had decreased to approximately 2 ppm. Plasma absorption and elimination both followed first-order kinetics. At a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight in male animals, the absorption rate constant and elimination rate constant were 0.53/hr and approximately 0.075/hr, respectively. The half-life corresponding to the elimination rate constant was approximately 9 hours. The half-life was slightly longer in females, at 11.4 hours; at high doses, the half-lives in males and females also increased to 17.3 hours and 21.7 hours, respectively. In groups B and C, approximately 30% of the administered radioactive material was excreted in urine, and approximately 60-70% was excreted in feces. In group D, 9.5% of the radioactive material was excreted in urine, and 89.1% in feces. 1.1-10.1% of the administered dose bound to tissues at 96 hours. The tissues with the highest radioactive concentrations were adipose tissue, adrenal glands, liver, ovaries, and digestive organs and their contents. 96 hours after administration, the highest radioactive concentration was found in adipose tissue; in groups B, C, and D, the radioactive concentrations in male adipose tissue were approximately 2.3, 1.2, and 76 ppm, respectively, while in female adipose tissue, the concentrations were approximately 5.4, 3.3, and 129 ppm, respectively. After extraction, approximately 36-71% of the radioactive material in the liver and less than 2% in adipose tissue remained in the bound 14C form. The concentration of residual radioactive material in adipose tissue was typically twice that in males. At the end of the study, although the concentration of radioactive material in adipose tissue was low, it was still more than 20 times that in plasma, indicating a certain potential for bioaccumulation. There were no significant differences in absorption and excretion patterns between males and females or after repeated administration. Metabolites/Metabolites Five male and five female Fischer F344 rats (10 weeks old) in each of the three groups were given a single oral dose of [thiazolidin-5-(14)C]hexazolidinazole (specific activity 6.6 mCi/mmol; purity >99%). The three different administration regimens included: a single oral dose of a lower dose (10 mg/kg body weight), a single oral dose of a lower dose after 14 oral doses of unlabeled hexazolidinazole, and a single oral dose of a higher dose (880 mg/kg body weight). The lower dose corresponds to approximately 50 μCi/kg body weight, and the higher dose corresponds to approximately 90 μCi/kg body weight. Due to the limited solubility of hexathiazole in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), DMSO was chosen as the solvent for the low-dose group, while olive oil was chosen for the high-dose group. …Samples extracted from these studies…were used to extract and analyze their metabolites. In the low-dose group, the predominantly identified compound was hexathiazole, with approximately 2% of the administered radioactivity in urine and approximately 40% in feces. Unidentified compounds were extracted with methanol, accounting for approximately 80% of the radioactivity in urine and 30% in feces. The main identified metabolic reactions were hydroxylation of the cyclohexane ring and cleavage of the amide-cyclohexane bond. The predominantly radiolabeled metabolite in excrement was PT-1-8 (cis), which accounted for 8-12% of the administered radioactivity in excrement in the low-dose group. The remaining identified metabolites were found at low concentrations (each less than 2% of the administered radioactivity): PT-1-2, PT-1-3, PT-1-4, PT-1-8 (trans), PT-1-9, PT-1-10, and PC-1-1. The main radiolabeled component identified in fat was the parent compound; the main metabolite in liver and kidney was PT-1-4.

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Biological half-life
Five male and five female Fischer F344 rats (10 weeks old) in each of the three groups were given a single oral dose of [thiazolidin-5-(14)C]hexazolidin (specific activity 6.6 mCi/mmol; purity > 99%). The three different treatment regimens included: a single oral low dose (10 mg/kg body weight), a single oral low dose after fourteen oral doses of unlabeled hexazolidin, and a single oral high dose (880 mg/kg body weight). ……The half-life corresponding to the elimination rate constant was approximately 9 hours. In female animals, the half-life was slightly longer, at 11.4 hours; in the high-dose group, the half-life in male and female animals was also extended to 17.3 hours and 21.7 hours, respectively.

Toxicity Summary
Identification and Uses: Hexthiazole is a solid. It is an acaricide that kills mite eggs, larvae, and nymphs. Human Exposure and Toxicity: Epidemiological reports indicate that hexthiazole has not been associated with any adverse reactions. One case of poisoning has been reported in the Philippines. Animal Studies: Hexthiazole is non-irritating to rabbit skin; it has mild, transient eye irritation, and no skin sensitization was observed in the maximum dose test. A 90-day feeding study in rats showed increased liver weight in both male and female rats; increased relative weight of the ovaries and kidneys in female rats at 500 ppm and 3500 ppm concentrations; elevated blood total protein and albumin levels after 2 months of feeding at 500 ppm concentration; and fatty degeneration of the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex in both male and female rats at 500 ppm and 3500 ppm concentrations. The incidence of tumors (benign and malignant) was generally similar in rats treated with hexthiazole and in the control group. Developmental studies in rabbits and rats have shown that hexazolinone is not teratogenic. Hexazolinone has undergone genotoxicity testing in multiple studies. Current evidence suggests that hexazolinone does not have significant genotoxicity. Ecotoxicity studies: Hexazolinone has near-zero acute toxicity to birds. The acute LD50 for quail is > 2,510 mg/kg, while the LC50 for mallards and quail is > 5,620 ppm. However, studies on avian reproduction have not been reviewed. Acibenzolar are virtually non-toxic to small mammals (LD50 > 5000 mg/kg, laboratory rat reproductive dose with no visible adverse reactions ≥ 2400 ppm, acute toxicity and two-generation toxicity). Acibenzolar are acutely highly toxic to freshwater organisms. The LC50 for bluegill sunfish is 0.53 ppm, and the EC50 for water fleas is 0.74 ppm. In the supplemental chronic life cycle trial, exposure to technical grade thiazolinone adversely affected the survival rate of Daphnia davidii (NOAEC = 6.1 ppb, LOAEC = 12.7 ppb).

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Toxicity Data
LC50 (Rat)> 2,000 mg/m3
Oral LD50 (Rat)> 5,000 mg/kg body weight
Dermal LD50 (Rat)> 5,000 mg/kg body weight
Inhalation> 2.0 mg/l/4 h (Systemic Exposure)

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Non-Human Toxicity Values
LD50 Quail Oral> 5 g/kg
LD50 Mice (Male and Female) Dermal> 5,000 mg/kg
LD50 Mice (Male and Female) Oral> 5,000 mg/kg
LD50 Rat (Male and Female) Oral> 5,000 mg/kg
For more complete non-human toxicity data for Hexythiazox (7 in total), please visit the HSDB records page.

[1]. Ayman N Saber, et al. Dissipation Dynamic, Residue Distribution and Processing Factor of Hexythiazox in Strawberry Fruits Under Open Field Condition. Food Chem. 2016 Apr 1;196:1108-16.
[2]. R Nauen, et al. Acaricide Toxicity and Resistance in Larvae of Different Strains of Tetranychus Urticae and Panonychus Ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae). Pest Manag Sci. 2001 Mar;57(3):253-61.

(S,S)-Hexazolidinium is a hexazolidinium acaricide. Hexazolidinium is an acaricide used to control the eggs and larvae of many plant-eating mites and can also be used as a mite growth regulator. It is also considered a thiazolidinyl acaricide with long-lasting control against a variety of mites and can be applied at any stage of plant growth from budding to fruiting. Its mechanism of action is non-systemic, exhibiting both contact and stomach poison effects.

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Mechanism of Action
…Mutations in chitin synthase 1 (CHS1) are associated with ethoxyazole resistance. In this study, we identified and investigated a two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) strain (HexR) that exhibits recessive single-gene resistance to hexazolidinium, chlorfenapyr, and ethoxyazole. To elucidate whether the observed cross-resistance has a common genetic basis, we improved upon a previously developed population segregation analysis method to locate a single shared resistance site for these three compounds at high resolution. This finding indicates that the molecular basis of resistance in these three compounds is the same. This site is located on the CHS1 gene, and as supported by other genetic and biochemical studies, a nonsynonymous mutation (I1017F) in CHS1 is associated with resistance to each of the tested acaricides in HexR. Therefore, our results suggest that the chemically different mite growth inhibitors chlorpheniramine, thiamethoxam, and ethoxyazole share a common molecular mechanism of action: inhibiting the essential non-catalytic activity of CHS1.

C17H21CLN2O2S

352.88

352.101

78587-05-0

Hexythiazox-d11;2714418-33-2

13218777

White crystals
Colorless crystals

1.3±0.1 g/cm3

108-108.5°C

100 °C

1.621

3.41

1

3

2

23

448

2

C[C@H]1[C@@H](SC(N1C(NC2CCCCC2)=O)=O)C3=CC=C(Cl)C=C3

XGWIJUOSCAQSSV-XHDPSFHLSA-N

InChI=1S/C17H21ClN2O2S/c1-11-15(12-7-9-13(18)10-8-12)23-17(22)20(11)16(21)19-14-5-3-2-4-6-14/h7-11,14-15H,2-6H2,1H3,(H,19,21)/t11-,15+/m0/s1

(4S,5S)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-thiazolidine-3-carboxamide

Hexythizox Cesar Calibre

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~283.38 mM)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.08 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)