| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway activation [1]
Inhibition of nuclear factor κB (NFκB) [1] |
|---|---|
| ln Vivo |
HMC dose-dependently reduced diclofenac-induced elevation of plasma urea (only 3 mg/kg effective) and creatinine (0.3 and 3 mg/kg effective) in mice [1]
- HMC (3 mg/kg) restored impaired plasmatic antioxidant status (increased FRAP and ABTS levels) and inhibited lipid peroxidation (reduced TBARS) induced by diclofenac [1] - HMC (3 mg/kg) inhibited diclofenac-induced increase of plasma IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-33, but did not affect IL-1β and IL-10 levels [1] - In renal tissue, HMC (3 mg/kg) restored antioxidant defenses (increased FRAP, ABTS, and GSH) and inhibited lipid peroxidation (reduced TBARS) induced by diclofenac [1] - In renal tissue, HMC (3 mg/kg) inhibited diclofenac-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-33, and reversed the depletion of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 [1] - HMC (3 mg/kg) reduced diclofenac-induced renal histopathological alterations (tubular dilatation, brush border disruption, glomeruli/Bowman's capsule lesions), kidney swelling, and urinary NGAL levels [1] - HMC (3 mg/kg) increased mRNA expression of Nrf2, Ho-1, and Nqo1 in renal tissue compared to control and/or diclofenac-treated mice [1] - HMC (3 mg/kg) reduced Keap1 protein fluorescence intensity in renal tissue [1] |
| Animal Protocol |
Male Swiss mice (30-35 g, 6-8 weeks old) were used [1]
- Mice received a single oral dose of diclofenac (200 mg/kg, 100 μL) to induce acute kidney injury [1] - 30 minutes after diclofenac administration, mice received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of HMC (0.03, 0.3, or 3 mg/kg in 200 μL saline) or vehicle (saline 200 μL) [1] - Blood, kidney, and urine samples were collected 24 hours after diclofenac administration for analysis [1] - For histopathology, kidneys were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, dehydrated, paraffin-embedded, sectioned (5 μm), and stained with H&E and PAS [1] - For immunofluorescence, kidneys were perfused with 4% PFA, post-fixed, cryoprotected in 30% sucrose, embedded, sectioned (10 μm), and stained with anti-Keap1 primary antibody (1:100) followed by Alexa Fluor® 647 secondary antibody (1:1000); DAPI was used for nuclear staining [1] |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Hesperidin methyl chalcone (HMC) is a methylation product of hesperidin, with improved water solubility and bioavailability compared to hesperidin [1]
- HMC peaks in blood 1-2 hours after oral administration [1] - HMC is excreted in both urine and feces within the first 24 hours after administration [1] |
| References |
|
| Additional Infomation |
According to reports, myrtle contains hesperidin methyl chalcone, and relevant data is available for reference.
HMC (C29H36O15) is a flavonoid derived from citrus fruits and other plants; its chemical structure is provided (Figure 1) [1] - Methylation of hesperidin under alkaline conditions promotes isomerization and generation of HMC, which is a mixture of chalcones and flavanones species [1] - HMC possesses vasoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties [1] - HMC can inhibit NFκB and induce Nrf2 signaling [1] - Clinical trials support the efficacy of HMC in combination with other molecules for the treatment of vascular dysfunction, including hemorrhoid and chronic venous insufficiency [1] - HMC is safe even during long-term use and high doses, making repurposing feasible [1] |
| Molecular Formula |
C29H36O15
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
624.58714
|
| Exact Mass |
624.205
|
| CAS # |
24292-52-2
|
| PubChem CID |
6436550
|
| Appearance |
Light brown to yellow solid powder
|
| Density |
1.6±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
953.0±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
120 °C (dec.)(lit.)
|
| Flash Point |
309.5±27.8 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.3 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.672
|
| LogP |
1.86
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
8
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
15
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
10
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
44
|
| Complexity |
952
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
10
|
| SMILES |
C[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)OC3=CC(=C(C(=C3)OC)C(=O)/C=C/C4=CC(=C(C=C4)OC)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O
|
| InChi Key |
FDHNLHLOJLLXDH-JIYHLSBYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C29H36O15/c1-12-22(33)24(35)26(37)28(42-12)41-11-20-23(34)25(36)27(38)29(44-20)43-14-9-17(32)21(19(10-14)40-3)15(30)6-4-13-5-7-18(39-2)16(31)8-13/h4-10,12,20,22-29,31-38H,11H2,1-3H3/b6-4+/t12-,20+,22-,23+,24+,25-,26+,27+,28+,29+/m0/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(E)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-[2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]prop-2-en-1-one
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~50 mg/mL (~80.05 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.33 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.33 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.6011 mL | 8.0053 mL | 16.0105 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3202 mL | 1.6011 mL | 3.2021 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1601 mL | 0.8005 mL | 1.6011 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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