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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
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| ln Vitro |
Heparan sulfate is a member of the glycosaminoglycan family and is a linear polysaccharide. Heparan sulfate is usually 50–200 disaccharides long and is composed of residues of glucuronic acid (GlcA) and iduronic acid (IdoA) as well as N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) with different sulfation modifications. Heparan sulfate regulates critical developmental processes in both invertebrates and vertebrates by interacting with a wide range of proteins, such as growth factors, morphogens, and adhesion molecules. In order to maintain morphogen gradients and coreceptor function, among other mechanisms, heparan sulfate chains work as cofactors in the regulation of developmental signaling [1]. The activity and geographical distribution of proteases and protease inhibitors can be controlled by heparan sulfate proteoglycans acting as receptors for them. For different tyrosine kinase-type growth factor receptors, membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans function as coreceptors, lowering their activation threshold or changing the length of signaling responses [2]. The binding affinity of intestinal epithelial cells to Wnt is influenced by heparan sulfate, which in turn promotes the activation of canonical Wnt signaling and the regeneration of small intestine crypts following epithelial damage [3].
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| ln Vivo |
Digestion of heparan sulfate reduces oscillatory network activity in the low theta band after fear conditioning and reduces context discriminating in a fear conditioning paradigm. Thus, heparan sulfate promotes synaptic plasticity and learning by preserving neuronal excitability [4]. Heparan sulfate amplifies the effects of the FGF-2/FGFR system, which is important in controlling astrocyte reactivity and/or proliferation in the brain [5].
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| References |
[1]. Kraushaar DC, et al. Heparan sulfate: a key regulator of embryonic stem cell fate. Biol Chem. 2013 Jun;394(6):741-51.
[2]. Sarrazin S, et al. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2011 Jul 1;3(7). pii: a004952. [3]. Yamamoto S, et al. Heparan sulfate on intestinal epithelial cells plays a critical role in intestinal crypt homeostasis via Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2013 Aug 1;305(3):G241-9. [4]. Minge D, et al. Heparan Sulfates Support Pyramidal Cell Excitability, Synaptic Plasticity, and Context Discrimination. Cereb Cortex. 2017 Feb 1;27(2):903-918. [5]. Gómez-Pinilla F, et al. Regulation of astrocyte proliferation by FGF-2 and heparan sulfate in vivo. J Neurosci. 1995 Mar;15(3 Pt 1):2021-9 |
| Additional Infomation |
A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS.
See also: Heparitin Sulfate (annotation moved to). |
| Molecular Formula |
C14H23NO21S3-2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
637.52152
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| Exact Mass |
1208.948
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| CAS # |
9050-30-0
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| PubChem CID |
137699201
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
7
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
42
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
16
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| Heavy Atom Count |
74
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| Complexity |
2500
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
16
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| SMILES |
O=S(OCC1O[C@@H](OC)[C@@H](NS(=O)([O-])=O)[C@@H](OS(=O)([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[C@@H]2OC(C([O-])=O)[C@H](O[C@@H]3OC(COS(=O)([O-])=O)[C@H](O[C@@H]4OC(C([O-])=O)[C@H](OC)[C@H](O)[C@@H]4OS(=O)([O-])=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]3NS(=O)([O-])=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]2O)([O-])=O.[n]
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| InChi Key |
XSIDRQZFWFCLLF-VYLUHDBLSA-F
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C26H44N2O39S6.H3N/c1-55-16-12(32)18(67-73(52,53)54)26(65-19(16)21(33)34)61-13-5(3-57-70(43,44)45)60-24(7(9(13)29)27-68(37,38)39)63-17-10(30)11(31)25(64-20(17)22(35)36)62-14-6(4-58-71(46,47)48)59-23(56-2)8(28-69(40,41)42)15(14)66-72(49,50)51;/h5-20,23-32H,3-4H2,1-2H3,(H,33,34)(H,35,36)(H,37,38,39)(H,40,41,42)(H,43,44,45)(H,46,47,48)(H,49,50,51)(H,52,53,54);1H3/p-8/t5?,6?,7-,8-,9+,10+,11-,12-,13-,14-,15+,16+,17+,18-,19?,20?,23+,24-,25+,26+;/m0./s1
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| Chemical Name |
azane;(3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-[(2S,3S,4R,5R)-5-[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-6-carboxylato-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-sulfonatooxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-3-(sulfonatoamino)-6-(sulfonatooxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[(3S,4R,5S,6R)-6-methoxy-5-(sulfonatoamino)-4-sulfonatooxy-2-(sulfonatooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~100 mg/mL
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 100 mg/mL (Infinity mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.5686 mL | 7.8429 mL | 15.6858 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3137 mL | 1.5686 mL | 3.1372 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1569 mL | 0.7843 mL | 1.5686 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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