| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Targets |
Harmol targets multiple biological pathways. It is a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO), particularly MAO-A, which is involved in the metabolism of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Harmol also has antioxidant properties and may protect cells from oxidative stress. The compound may interact with various receptors and enzymes, contributing to its diverse pharmacological effects. However, its primary molecular target is not definitively established.
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| ln Vitro |
Harmol exhibits MAO-A inhibitory activity, antioxidant effects, and neuroprotective properties in vitro. It has been shown to protect neurons from oxidative stress-induced damage and may have anti-inflammatory effects. The compound has also demonstrated anticancer activity in some studies. However, specific IC50 values and detailed in vitro activity data are limited.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, harmol has been studied for its neuroprotective and antidepressant-like effects in animal models. It may improve cognitive function and protect against neurodegeneration. The compound's MAO-A inhibitory activity may contribute to its effects on mood and behavior. However, detailed in vivo efficacy data are limited. Harmol is a naturally occurring alkaloid and has been used in traditional medicine.
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| Enzyme Assay |
MAO-A inhibition assays are performed using recombinant MAO-A enzyme and appropriate substrates (e.g., kynuramine or serotonin). The enzyme is incubated with substrate and varying concentrations of harmol. The reaction product is measured by fluorescence or spectrophotometry. IC50 values are calculated from concentration-response curves. Antioxidant activity is assessed using DPPH, ABTS, or FRAP assays.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for harmol employ neuronal cell lines or other relevant cell types. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of harmol for 24-72 hours. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or CellTiter-Glo assays. ROS levels are measured using fluorescent probes such as DCFH-DA. Neuroprotective effects are assessed by treating cells with oxidative stress-inducing agents (e.g., H2O2, glutamate) in the presence or absence of harmol. MAO-A activity in cell lysates can be measured using fluorometric assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies with harmol are typically performed in rodent models of neurological disorders or depression. The compound is administered via oral or intraperitoneal routes at various doses. Behavioral tests (e.g., forced swim test, open field test) are used to assess antidepressant-like effects. Neuroprotective effects are assessed in models of neurodegeneration. Tissue samples are collected for biochemical analysis. However, detailed published in vivo protocols are limited.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism / Metabolites
Known metabolites of 6-hydroxyharmine include harmine glucuronide and harmine sulfate. 6-hydroxyharmine is a known metabolite of harmine. Harmol has molecular formula C12H10N2O and molecular weight 198.22. It has CAS number 487-03-6. The compound is a naturally occurring beta-carboline alkaloid found in plants including Peganum harmala and Banisteriopsis caapi. It is soluble in DMSO and other organic solvents. The compound should be stored at -20°C for long-term stability. Harmol is a research-use only compound. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for harmol are limited. As a naturally occurring alkaloid, it may have psychoactive effects at high doses. The compound should be handled with appropriate laboratory safety precautions. Standard toxicological studies would be required for any therapeutic development. Harmol is structurally related to harmine and harmaline, which have known pharmacological effects.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Halmor is a 9H-β-carboline compound with a methyl substituent at C-1 and a hydroxyl group at C-7; it is a predominant microbial species at pH 7.3. It possesses antifungal, apoptosis-inducing, and autophagy-inducing effects. It is a halmor alkaloid and an indole alkaloid. Its functions are related to β-carboline compounds. Halmor has been reported to exist in Polygala tenuifolia, Passiflora amethystina, and several other organisms with relevant data.
Harmol is a naturally occurring beta-carboline alkaloid found in Peganum harmala and Banisteriopsis caapi. It is a derivative of harmine and belongs to the harmala alkaloid family. Harmol has been studied for its MAO-A inhibitory activity, antioxidant effects, and neuroprotective properties. The compound has been investigated for its potential in treating cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. It is a research-use only compound. |
| Molecular Formula |
C12H10N2O
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
198.2206
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| Exact Mass |
198.079
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| CAS # |
487-03-6
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| Related CAS # |
40580-83-4 (hydrochloride)
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| PubChem CID |
68094
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| Appearance |
Off-white to light yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.33g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
552.7ºC at 760mmHg
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| Melting Point |
231ºC
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| Flash Point |
255ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
0mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.794
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| LogP |
2.73
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
15
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| Complexity |
516
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
LBBJNGFCXDOYMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C12H10N2O/c1-7-12-10(4-5-13-7)9-3-2-8(15)6-11(9)14-12/h2-6,13-14H,1H3
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| Chemical Name |
1-methyl-2,9-dihydropyrido[3,4-b]indol-7-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~83.33 mg/mL (~420.39 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (10.49 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (10.49 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.0449 mL | 25.2245 mL | 50.4490 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0090 mL | 5.0449 mL | 10.0898 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5045 mL | 2.5224 mL | 5.0449 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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