| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Targets |
Gypenoside XVII targets the estrogen receptor. By activating this receptor, it triggers a cascade of downstream signaling events, including the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. This leads to the inactivation of GSK-3β and the activation of the Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 pathway, which is a master regulator of the antioxidant response. It also induces autophagic clearance of amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) and its toxic fragments, Aβ40 and Aβ42.
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| ln Vitro |
By using a cell viability experiment, Gynostemma pentaphylla saponin XVII (GP-17) was evaluated for its capacity to inhibit Ox-LDL-induced cytotoxicity. Cytotoxicity of Gynostemma pentaphylla saponin XVII was not seen in HUVEC. Saponin XVII from Gynostemma pentaphylla can shield HUVEC from apoptosis caused by Ox-LDL. Gypenoside XVII reduced Ox-LDL's harmful effects on HUVEC viability in a dose-dependent manner. With 50 μg/mL Gynostemma pentaphylla saponin XVII present, HUVEC's activity was noticeably higher than the other groups' [1].
In vitro, Gypenoside XVII confers protection against Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity. Its neuroprotective effects are mediated through estrogen receptor-dependent activation of PI3K/Akt pathways, inactivation of GSK-3β, and activation of Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 pathways. It induces autophagic clearance of amyloid-β precursor protein (APP), Aβ40, and Aβ42. It also exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hypolipidemic effects. |
| ln Vivo |
calculating body weight as a quantitative indicator of biological hormone activity. The average body weight of each group was significantly higher than that of the control group; however, over the course of the 10-week feeding period, there was no significant difference in body weight between treatments. The levels of plasma lipids in mice were also assessed after ten weeks of a high-fat diet. Gynostemma pentaphylla saponin XVII (GP-17) and Probucol treatment significantly reduced these two parameters relative to those of the ApoE-/- model group. Circulating total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were significantly increased in the ApoE-/- mouse treatment group compared with the C57BL/6J control group [1].
In vivo activity data for Gypenoside XVII is limited in publicly available literature. As a compound with potent neuroprotective and antioxidant effects in vitro, it is hypothesized to exhibit similar effects in animal models of Alzheimer's disease and other conditions. However, specific in vivo efficacy studies, including pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters, have not been detailed in the available sources. Further research is needed to fully characterize its in vivo activity. |
| Enzyme Assay |
For cell-free enzyme assays, the activity of Gypenoside XVII at the estrogen receptor can be studied using radioligand binding assays. The compound is incubated with the estrogen receptor and a radiolabeled ligand, and the displacement of the ligand is measured. Its effect on kinase activity, such as PI3K or GSK-3β, can be studied using standard kinase activity assays.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular assays, the neuroprotective effect of Gypenoside XVII is assessed in neuronal cell models exposed to Aβ-induced toxicity. Cells are treated with the compound prior to or concurrently with Aβ. Cell viability is measured using MTT or other assays. The activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and the expression of Nrf2 and its target genes are measured by Western blot or qPCR. Autophagy is assessed by measuring LC3-II levels.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo studies, Gypenoside XVII could be administered orally or intraperitoneally in rodent models of Alzheimer's disease. Its neuroprotective effect would be assessed by measuring cognitive function, amyloid-β levels, and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Gypenoside XVII has a molecular formula of C48H82O18 and a molecular weight of 947.16 g/mol. Its CAS number is 80321-69-3. It is a triterpenoid saponin and is typically supplied as a powder. It is soluble in DMSO and ethanol. For in vitro studies, stock solutions are prepared in DMSO. For in vivo administration, it can be formulated in suitable vehicles. Storage is recommended at 2-8°C for up to 24 months. Its purity is typically >98% for research use.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No detailed toxicity data is publicly available. As a natural saponin, its safety profile would need to be established through standard toxicological studies. In vitro cytotoxicity assays in various cell lines are typically performed alongside efficacy studies to confirm that the observed effects are not due to a general reduction in cell viability.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Gypenoside XVII is a Gypenoside found in plants of the genus Panax. Its structure is dammarane-type, with hydroxyl groups substituted at the 3β, 12β, and 20 pro-S positions. The hydroxyl groups at positions 3 and 20 are converted to the corresponding β-D-glucopyranoside and β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside, respectively, and a double bond is introduced at positions 24-25. It is a plant metabolite. It is a 12β-hydroxy steroid, β-D-glucopyranoside, disaccharide derivative, Gypenoside, and tetracyclic triterpenoid compound. It is derived from the hydride of dammarane. Gypenoside XVII has been reported to exist in ginseng (Panax pseudoginseng), Japanese ginseng (Panax japonicus), and other organisms with relevant data.
Gypenoside XVII is a research-grade compound and is not approved for any therapeutic use. It serves primarily as a valuable pharmacological tool for studying neuroprotection, estrogen receptor signaling, and the mechanisms of gypenosides. Its mechanism of action involves estrogen receptor-dependent activation of neuroprotective and antioxidant pathways. Its neuroprotective activity makes it a compound of interest for drug discovery. No clinical trials have been reported. |
| Molecular Formula |
C48H82O18
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
947.1539
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| Exact Mass |
946.55
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| CAS # |
80321-69-3
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| PubChem CID |
44584555
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
1013.5±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
566.8±34.3 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.6 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.611
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| LogP |
3.41
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
12
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
18
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
13
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| Heavy Atom Count |
66
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| Complexity |
1680
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
25
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| SMILES |
CC(=CCC[C@@](C)([C@H]1CC[C@@]2([C@@H]1[C@@H](C[C@H]3[C@]2(CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4(C)C)O[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)O)C)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)C
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| InChi Key |
ZRBFCAALKKNCJG-SJYBZOGZSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C48H82O18/c1-22(2)10-9-14-48(8,66-43-40(60)37(57)34(54)27(64-43)21-61-41-38(58)35(55)32(52)25(19-49)62-41)23-11-16-47(7)31(23)24(51)18-29-45(5)15-13-30(44(3,4)28(45)12-17-46(29,47)6)65-42-39(59)36(56)33(53)26(20-50)63-42/h10,23-43,49-60H,9,11-21H2,1-8H3/t23-,24+,25+,26+,27+,28-,29+,30-,31-,32+,33+,34+,35-,36-,37-,38+,39+,40+,41+,42-,43-,45-,46+,47+,48-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(2S)-2-[(3S,5R,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~105.58 mM)
H2O : ~41.67 mg/mL (~44.00 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.64 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.64 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.64 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 25 mg/mL (26.39 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.0558 mL | 5.2790 mL | 10.5580 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2112 mL | 1.0558 mL | 2.1116 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1056 mL | 0.5279 mL | 1.0558 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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