| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg | |||
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| 100mg |
| Targets |
Gypenoside L does not have a single defined molecular target but modulates multiple signaling pathways. The compound activates p38 MAPK, ERK MAPK, and NF-κB pathways to promote cellular senescence. Gypenoside L also activates p21 and p27, key cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors that regulate cell cycle progression. The compound induces S-phase arrest, consistent with its effects on cell cycle regulatory proteins. Gypenoside L inhibits autophagic flux and induces cell death through endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated Ca²⁺ release in esophageal cancer cells. The compound also modulates inflammatory responses by inhibiting LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production. Gypenoside L's ability to modulate multiple signaling pathways contributes to its diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and senescence-inducing effects. The compound also exhibits antioxidant activity and protects against liver and cardiovascular damage.
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| ln Vitro |
In HepG2 and ECA-109 cells, gypenoside L (20–80 μg/mL; 24 h) raises the levels of SASP mRNA expression, including IL-1α, IL-6, TIMP-1, CXCL-1, and CXCL-2. 1]. Cell cycle arrest occurs in the S phase when Gynostemma pentaphylla saponin L (20-80 μg/mL; 24 hours) is applied [1]. In RAW264.7 cells, GPL (3.125-100 μg/mL) strongly suppresses LPS-induced NO accumulation [2].
Gypenoside L demonstrates potent anti-proliferative activity in various cancer cell lines. The compound inhibits cell proliferation and induces S-phase arrest. Gypenoside L increases SA-β-galactosidase activity and promotes the production of senescence-associated secretory cytokines, indicating the induction of cellular senescence. The compound activates p21, p27, p38 MAPK, ERK MAPK, and NF-κB pathways to promote senescence. Gypenoside L inhibits LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production, demonstrating anti-inflammatory activity. In human esophageal cancer cells, Gypenoside L inhibits autophagic flux and induces cell death through endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated Ca²⁺ release. The compound also modulates cellular signaling pathways, reduces oxidative stress, and protects against liver and cardiovascular damage. Gypenoside L's anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities make it a promising natural product for therapeutic research. |
| ln Vivo |
Gypenoside L has been studied in vivo for its pharmacological effects. The compound modulates cellular signaling pathways, reduces oxidative stress, and protects against liver and cardiovascular damage in animal models. Gypenoside L exhibits anti-tumor activity in vivo, consistent with its in vitro anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects. The compound's anti-inflammatory activity has also been demonstrated in vivo. Gypenoside L is a key component contributing to the therapeutic value of Gynostemma in herbal and integrative medicine. Detailed in vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data are limited in publicly available sources, but the compound's therapeutic potential has been recognized in traditional medicine and preclinical studies. Gypenoside L is a promising natural product for further development as a therapeutic agent.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Gypenoside L does not have established receptor binding or enzyme inhibition assay protocols as it is a natural product with multiple targets. Its activity is assessed by measuring its effects on cellular signaling pathways, senescence markers, and inflammatory responses. SA-β-galactosidase activity is measured using a chromogenic substrate (X-gal) at pH 6.0. Senescence-associated secretory cytokine production is measured by ELISA. Cell proliferation is assessed using MTT or CCK-8 assays. Nitric oxide (NO) production is measured using the Griess assay. Cell cycle analysis is performed by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. Activation of p38 MAPK, ERK MAPK, and NF-κB pathways is assessed by Western blotting using phospho-specific antibodies. Autophagic flux is evaluated by LC3-II/I conversion, p62 degradation, and GFP-LC3 puncta formation. Endoplasmic reticulum stress is assessed by measuring Ca²⁺ release and ER stress marker proteins (e.g., CHOP, GRP78).
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular activity of Gypenoside L is evaluated in various cancer cell lines, including esophageal cancer cells, and in immune cells such as macrophages. Cells are cultured in appropriate media (e.g., DMEM or RPMI-1640 with 10% FBS) at 37°C with 5% CO₂ and treated with Gypenoside L at concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 μM for 24-72 hours. Cell viability and proliferation are assessed using MTT or CCK-8 assays. Senescence is assessed by SA-β-galactosidase staining at pH 6.0. Senescence-associated secretory cytokine production is measured by ELISA. Cell cycle distribution is analyzed by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. Nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated macrophages is measured using the Griess assay. Autophagy is evaluated by LC3-II/I conversion, p62 degradation, and GFP-LC3 puncta formation. Apoptosis is assessed by Annexin V/PI staining and caspase-3/7 activity assays. Each experiment includes vehicle controls (DMSO) and appropriate positive controls (e.g., LPS for inflammation studies).
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies of Gypenoside L are conducted in animal models of cancer, inflammation, and liver/cardiovascular disease. The compound is administered orally or intraperitoneally at doses determined by preclinical studies. Gypenoside L is formulated in appropriate vehicles (e.g., DMSO/PEG300/Tween 80 or CMC-Na suspension). Tumor growth is monitored in xenograft models. Anti-inflammatory effects are assessed in models of LPS-induced inflammation or carrageenan-induced paw edema. Liver and cardiovascular protection are evaluated in models of oxidative stress or ischemia-reperfusion injury. Tissue samples are collected for histopathological analysis and biochemical assays (e.g., NO levels, cytokine levels, oxidative stress markers). Sample sizes typically range from 6-10 animals per group.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Molecular Weight: 801.01. Formula: C42H72O14. CAS No.: 94987-09-4. Appearance: White to off-white solid powder. Density: 1.33±0.1 g/cm³ (Predicted). Boiling point: 912.3±65.0 °C (Predicted). Solubility: DMSO: 100 mg/mL (124.84 mM); Ethanol: 25 mg/mL; Water: Insoluble. Storage: Powder at -20°C for 3 years; 4°C for 2 years; In solvent at -80°C for 6 months; -20°C for 1 month. Purity: ≥98% (HPLC). Gypenoside L is a saponin from Gynostemma pentaphyllum with anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No comprehensive toxicology data are publicly available for Gypenoside L. As a natural product from Gynostemma pentaphyllum, which has a long history of use in traditional medicine, Gypenoside L is generally considered to have low toxicity at moderate doses. The compound is intended for research use only and has not undergone full preclinical toxicology evaluation required for clinical development. Standard toxicity studies would include acute toxicity assessment in rodents, repeated dose toxicity studies (14-day and 28-day), and genotoxicity screening (Ames test, micronucleus assay). Gypenoside L's ability to induce cellular senescence and modulate multiple signaling pathways suggests potential effects on normal cells, but its therapeutic window and safety profile require further characterization.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Reports have indicated that Gynostemma pentaphyllum contains gypenosinoside L, and relevant data is available for reference.
Gypenoside L is also known as Gypenoside L (Standard). Its IUPAC name is (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(1R,2R,4R,5S,8R,9R,10R,13R,14R,17S)-1,5,9,14-tetramethyl-15-oxo-16-[(E)-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methylhept-4-en-2-yl]-4,5,6,7,11,12,13,14,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-2-yl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol. Gypenoside L is a saponin from Gynostemma pentaphyllum that increases SA-β-galactosidase activity, promotes senescence, and activates p38 and ERK MAPK and NF-κB pathways. It has anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. No clinical trials have been reported for this compound. Gypenoside L is for research use only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C42H72O14
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
801.0126953125
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| Exact Mass |
800.492
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| CAS # |
94987-09-4
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| Related CAS # |
Gypenoside L
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| PubChem CID |
76335475
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.33±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)
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| Boiling Point |
912.3±65.0 °C(Predicted)
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| LogP |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
10
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
14
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
10
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| Heavy Atom Count |
56
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| Complexity |
1410
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
21
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| SMILES |
CC(=CCC[C@@](C)([C@H]1CC[C@@]2([C@@H]1[C@@H](C[C@H]3[C@]2(CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(C[C@H]([C@@H](C4(C)C)O[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O5)CO)O)O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O)O)C)C)O)C)O)C
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| InChi Key |
LTJZMSTVPKBWKB-HGZKDYFJSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C42H72O14/c1-20(2)10-9-13-42(8,52)21-11-14-41(7)28(21)22(45)16-27-39(5)17-23(46)35(38(3,4)26(39)12-15-40(27,41)6)56-37-34(32(50)30(48)25(19-44)54-37)55-36-33(51)31(49)29(47)24(18-43)53-36/h10,21-37,43-52H,9,11-19H2,1-8H3/t21-,22+,23+,24+,25+,26-,27+,28-,29+,30+,31-,32-,33+,34+,35-,36-,37-,39-,40+,41+,42-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(2R,3R,5R,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-2,12-dihydroxy-17-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~124.84 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.12 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.12 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.12 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.2484 mL | 6.2421 mL | 12.4842 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2497 mL | 1.2484 mL | 2.4968 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1248 mL | 0.6242 mL | 1.2484 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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